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Chem 164 > Chapter 5 Solids, Liquids, Gases > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Solids, Liquids, Gases Flashcards

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1
Q

In solids, attractions dominate ____

A

motion

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2
Q

In liquids, ____ is/are stronger

A

attractive forces

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3
Q

gases have no ___ or ___

A

fixed volume, fixed shape

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4
Q

melting point is the same as ___

A

freezing point

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5
Q

vaporization

A

the process of a liquid becoming a gas

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6
Q

condensation

A

process of a gas becoming a liquid

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7
Q

boiling point

A

temperature at which particles of liquid escape to form a gas

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8
Q

sublimation

A

solid changes direction from a solid to a gas (i.e. dry ice at room temp)

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9
Q

deposition

A

gas changes directly to a solid

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10
Q

a substance at low pressure and high temperature is probably a

A

gas

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11
Q

crystalization

A

liquid becoming a solid

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12
Q

ionic solids have ___ melting point

A

high

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13
Q

molecular solids have ___ melting point

A

low

sugar, aspirin, ice

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14
Q

intramolecular forces

A

attractive forces between atoms within a molecule, including ionic and covalent

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15
Q

how to know if hydrogen bond

A

F, O, or N bonded to H plus a lone pair of electrons (draw lewis structure)

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16
Q

how to know if dipole-dipole interaction

A

one polar molecule interacting with another polar molecule

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17
Q

london dispersion re: nonpolar molecules

A

nonpolar molecules ONLY have london dispersion

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18
Q

strongest intermolecular force

A

hydrogen

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19
Q

intermolecular force with intermediate strength

A

dipole-dipole

20
Q

intermolecular force with least strength

A

london dispersion

21
Q

larger molecules have ____ london dispersion

A

stronger london dispersion

22
Q

anything made of just carbon and hydrogen is _______ (polar/nonpolar)

A

nonpolar, so only london dispersion

23
Q

surface tension

A

energy required to increase the surface area of the liquid, stronger intermolecular force –> more surface tension

24
Q

viscosity

A

resistance of a liquid when it flows (dependent on intermolecular forces and shape)

25
Q

weak intermolecular forces –> low/high vapor pressure

A

high, because low boiling point means more gas –> more pressure

26
Q

(gas) pressure =

A

force / area

27
Q

normal atmospheric pressure in P and kPa

A
  1. 01325 x 10^5 Pa

101. 325 kPa

28
Q

normal atmospheric pressure in atm

A

1 atm

29
Q

normal atmospheric pressure in mmMg and torr

A

760 mmMg

760 torr

30
Q

normal atmospheric pressure in bar

A

1.01325 bar

31
Q

velocity _____ as molar mass increases

A

decreases

32
Q

Boyle’s law

A

at constant temp, vol of gas is inversely proportional to its pressure.

33
Q

Charles’ Law

A

at constant pressure and constant moles, the volume of a gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature (K)

34
Q

Gay-Lussac’s Law

A

for a fixed amount of gas at constant volume, pressure is directly proportional to absolute temperature (K)

35
Q

Avogadro’s Law

A

at fixed temperature and pressure, volume of gas is directly proportional to the amount of gas (more gas takes up more space)

36
Q

equation for combined gas law

A

if a variable is constant, cancel it out and solve for the equation remaining

37
Q

If variables aren’t changing, which gas law and equation do we use? What unit does each variable need to be in?

A 
Ideal gas law
PV=nRT
P in atm
V in L
n in mol
(R is a constant)
T in K
38
Q

What is R?

A

ideal gas constant

0.0821

39
Q

What are standard temperature and pressure?

A

273.15 K

1 atm

40
Q

phase diagram - which is liquid, gas, and solid?

A
41
Q

What’s the approximate melting point at 5 atm?

A
42
Q

What’s the approximate boiling point at 2 atm?

A

about 115 degrees Celcius

43
Q

What phase change is taking place from A–>B

A

vaporization (liquid changes into gas)

44
Q

These properties are directly related to the strength of intermolecular forces

A
45
Q

This property is inversely related to the strength of intermolecular forces in liquids

A

vapor pressure

46
Q

Which is the only gas law that is inversely related and also non-linear

A

Boyle’s Law

Chem 164 (4 decks)

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