Chapter 5 Solids, Liquids, Gases

Question 1

In solids, attractions dominate ____

Answer 1

motion

Question 2

In liquids, ____ is/are stronger

Answer 2

attractive forces

Question 3

gases have no ___ or ___

Answer 3

fixed volume, fixed shape

Question 4

melting point is the same as ___

Answer 4

freezing point

Question 5

vaporization

Answer 5

the process of a liquid becoming a gas

Question 6

condensation

Answer 6

process of a gas becoming a liquid

Question 7

boiling point

Answer 7

temperature at which particles of liquid escape to form a gas

Question 8

sublimation

Answer 8

solid changes direction from a solid to a gas (i.e. dry ice at room temp)

Question 9

deposition

Answer 9

gas changes directly to a solid

Question 10

a substance at low pressure and high temperature is probably a

Answer 10

gas

Question 11

crystalization

Answer 11

liquid becoming a solid

Question 12

ionic solids have ___ melting point

Answer 12

high

Question 13

molecular solids have ___ melting point

Answer 13

low

sugar, aspirin, ice

Question 14

intramolecular forces

Answer 14

attractive forces between atoms within a molecule, including ionic and covalent

Question 15

how to know if hydrogen bond

Answer 15

F, O, or N bonded to H plus a lone pair of electrons (draw lewis structure)

Question 16

how to know if dipole-dipole interaction

Answer 16

one polar molecule interacting with another polar molecule

Question 17

london dispersion re: nonpolar molecules

Answer 17

nonpolar molecules ONLY have london dispersion

Question 18

strongest intermolecular force

Answer 18

hydrogen

Question 19

intermolecular force with intermediate strength

Answer 19

dipole-dipole

Question 20

intermolecular force with least strength

Answer 20

london dispersion

Question 21

larger molecules have ____ london dispersion

Answer 21

stronger london dispersion

Question 22

anything made of just carbon and hydrogen is _______ (polar/nonpolar)

Answer 22

nonpolar, so only london dispersion

Question 23

surface tension

Answer 23

energy required to increase the surface area of the liquid, stronger intermolecular force –> more surface tension

Question 24

viscosity

Answer 24

resistance of a liquid when it flows (dependent on intermolecular forces and shape)

Question 25

weak intermolecular forces --> low/high vapor pressure

Answer 25

high, because low boiling point means more gas --> more pressure

Question 26

(gas) pressure =

Answer 26

force / area

Question 27

normal atmospheric pressure in P and kPa

Answer 27

1. 01325 x 10^5 Pa | 101. 325 kPa

Question 28

normal atmospheric pressure in atm

Answer 28

1 atm

Question 29

normal atmospheric pressure in mmMg and torr

Answer 29

760 mmMg | 760 torr

Question 30

normal atmospheric pressure in bar

Answer 30

1.01325 bar

Question 31

velocity _____ as molar mass increases

Answer 31

decreases

Question 32

Boyle's law

Answer 32

at constant temp, vol of gas is inversely proportional to its pressure.

Question 33

Charles' Law

Answer 33

at constant pressure and constant moles, the volume of a gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature (K)

Question 34

Gay-Lussac's Law

Answer 34

for a fixed amount of gas at constant volume, pressure is directly proportional to absolute temperature (K)

Question 35

Avogadro's Law

Answer 35

at fixed temperature and pressure, volume of gas is directly proportional to the amount of gas (more gas takes up more space)

Question 36

equation for combined gas law

Answer 36

if a variable is constant, cancel it out and solve for the equation remaining

Question 37

If variables aren't changing, which gas law and equation do we use? What unit does each variable need to be in?

Answer 37

``` Ideal gas law PV=nRT P in atm V in L n in mol (R is a constant) T in K ```

Question 38

What is R?

Answer 38

ideal gas constant | 0.0821

Question 39

What are standard temperature and pressure?

Answer 39

273.15 K | 1 atm

Question 40

phase diagram - which is liquid, gas, and solid?

Answer 40

Question 41

What's the approximate melting point at 5 atm?

Answer 41

Question 42

What's the approximate boiling point at 2 atm?

Answer 42

about 115 degrees Celcius

Question 43

What phase change is taking place from A-->B

Answer 43

vaporization (liquid changes into gas)

Question 44

These properties are directly related to the strength of intermolecular forces

Answer 44

Question 45

This property is inversely related to the strength of intermolecular forces in liquids

Answer 45

vapor pressure

Question 46

Which is the only gas law that is inversely related and also non-linear

Answer 46

Boyle's Law