chapter 5 - socio-cultural influences Flashcards
what is etiquette?
the unwritten rules that concern a players behaviour
what is sportsmanship?
appropriate, fair and polite behaviour when participating in a sporting event
what is gamesmanship
bending the rules using methods that are not illegal to gain an advantage
what is the contract to compete
linked to the idea of sportsmanship, agreeing to play by the rules but also allowing your opponent to play
who bans the use of PEDs
the international olympic committee and national governing bodies
what is ergogenic aid
a technique or substance used to enhance performance
what are the 7 different types of PEDs or ergogenic aids?
stimulants
narcotic analgesics
anabolic agents
peptide hormones
diuretics
blood doping
beta blockers
what are stimulants used for
increasing alertness and masking the effects of fatigue
what are narcotic analgesics used for ?
painkillers that masks the pain of overtraining or injuries
what are anabolic agents used for
they help athletes train harder and build more muscle
what are peptide hormones?
naturally occurring chemicals that increase red blood cell count
what are diuretics used for?
removing fluid from the body to lose weight rapidly for sports that require a certain weight limit eg. boxers
what is blood doping
a process where blood is removed from an athlete several weeks before a competition, the removal of blood stimulates red blood cell production and then the blood is re-injected back into the performer to rapidly increase red blood cell numbers
what are the risks to blood doping
increased blood thickening (viscosity)
potential for heart attacks
risk of blood borne disease eg. HIV
embolisms (blockage of a blood vessel)
what are beta blockers?
the block out the effects of adrenaline on the body to reduce heart rate and muscle tension to allow for more focus - typically used by performers with fine skills
what are some cons to stimulants?
reducing reaction times so sprinters who may use it to be more alert may start their race late
what are the cons to narcotic analgesics?
low blood pressure, coma and constipation
what are some cons to anabolic agents?
high blood pressure liver and kidney damage and heart damage
what is the cons to peptide hormones?
thickening of the blood which require the heart to pump harder and can result in increased risk of heart attack or stroke
what are the cons to diuretics?
severe dehydration
low blood pressure and muscle cramps
what are the cons to beta blockers
nausea
poor blood circulation leading to heart problems
weakness and tiredness
