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Science > Chapter 5 Semester 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Semester 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Organism

A

A living thing

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2
Q

Species

A

a group of living organisms capable of interbreeding with each other but not with members of other species

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3
Q

Population

A

A group of the same organisms living in the same area at the same time

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4
Q

Community

A

A group of different populations living the same area

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5
Q

Ecosystems

A

Communities of organisms that interact with each other and their environment

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6
Q

Ecology

A

The study of organisms

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7
Q

Producers

A

A organism at the base of the food chain that does not need to to feed on other organisms; also known as autotroph

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8
Q

Decomposers

A

Organisms that break down organic matter into inorganic materials

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9
Q

Photosynthesis

A

The making food process in plants that takes place in chloroplasts within cells. The process uses carbon dioxide, water and energy from the sun

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10
Q

Autotrophs

A

Self feeders

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11
Q

Heterotrophs

A

Other feeders

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12
Q

Consumers

A

Organisms that rely on other organisms food

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13
Q

Herbivore

A

Animals that can only eat vegetables

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14
Q

Primary consumers

A

The first consumers on the food chain; also know as a first order consumer

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15
Q

Carnivores

A

Animals that only eat other animals

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16
Q

Omnivore

A

Animals that plants and other animals

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17
Q

Detritivores

A

Animals that feeds on and breaks down plants and animal matter

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18
Q

Ecological niche

A

The position of a species or population in its ecosystem in relation to each other

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19
Q

Competition

A

The struggle among organisms for food, territory and other factors

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20
Q

Parasitism

A

an interaction in which one species (the parasite) lives in or on another species (the host) from which it obtains food, shelter and other requirements

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21
Q

Interspecific competition

A

competition between organisms of the same species

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22
Q

Mutualism

A

relationship between two different organisms in which both benefit

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23
Q

Commensalism

A

relationship between organisms where one benefits and the other is unaffected

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24
Q

Infraspecific competition

A

competition between organisms of different species

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25
Q

Prey and predator relationship

A

Relationship between organisms in which one species (the predator) kills and eats another species (the prey)

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26
Q

Symbiotic

A

Very close relationship between two organisms of different species. It may benefit or harm one of the partners

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27
Q

Distribution

A

The area inhabited by a plant or animal

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28
Q

Density

A

The number of species living within a area

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29
Q

Biotic factors

A

Living things (organisms) in a ecosystem

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30
Q

Abiotic factors

A

Non living organisms in a ecosystem

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31
Q

Tolerance range

A

range of an abiotic factor in the environment in which an organism can survive

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32
Q

Optimum range

A

the range, within a tolerance range for a particular abiotic factor, in which an organism functions best

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33
Q

Biodiversity

A

the variety of species of biological organisms, often in relation to a particular are

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34
Q

Sampling methods

A

techniques used to determine the density and distribution of various populations and communities within an ecosystem

35
Q

Transects

A

a sampling area along a straight line in which the number of organisms in that area is counted and recorded

36
Q

Quadrats

A

a sampling area, often one square metre, in which the number of organisms in that area is counted and recorded

37
Q

Mark, release and rapture

A

sampling method used to determine the abundance of mobile species

38
Q

Distribution

A

The area inhabited by a plant or animal

39
Q

Density

A

The number of species living within a area

40
Q

Biotic factors

A

Living things (organisms) in a ecosystem

41
Q

Abiotic factors

A

Non living organisms in a ecosystem

42
Q

Tolerance range

A

range of an abiotic factor in the environment in which an organism can survive

43
Q

Optimum range

A

the range, within a tolerance range for a particular abiotic factor, in which an organism functions best

44
Q

Biodiversity

A

the variety of species of biological organisms, often in relation to a particular are

45
Q

Sampling methods

A

techniques used to determine the density and distribution of various populations and communities within an ecosystem

46
Q

Transects

A

a sampling area along a straight line in which the number of organisms in that area is counted and recorded

47
Q

Quadrats

A

a sampling area, often one square metre, in which the number of organisms in that area is counted and recorded

48
Q

Mark, release and rapture

A

sampling method used to determine the abundance of mobile species

49
Q

Chemosynthetic

A

describes organisms that produce organic material using energy released from chemical reactions rather than light

50
Q

Food chain

A

diagram that shows how the energy stored in one organism is passed to another

51
Q

Food web

A

diagram showing several food chains joined together to demonstrate that animals eat more than one type of food

52
Q

Trophic level

A

A level within a food chain, food web or food pyramid

53
Q

First order consumer

A

organism that is within the second trophic level of a food chain (herbivores); also known as a primary consumer

54
Q

Primary consumer

A

The first consumer in a food chain

55
Q

Second order consumer

A

organism that is within the third trophic level of a food chain (carnivores); also known as a secondary consumer

56
Q

Secondary consumer

A

the second consumer in a food chain; also known as a second-order consumer

57
Q

Energy pyramid

A

a representation of the level of food energy at each level within a food chain

58
Q

Pyramid of numbers

A

a representation of the population, or numbers of organisms, at each level within a food chain

59
Q

Pyramid of biomass

A

a representation of the dry mass of organisms at each level within a food chain

60
Q

Birth rate

A

the number of organisms within a population that are born within a particular period of time

61
Q

Death rate

A

the number of organisms within a population that die within a particular period of time

62
Q

Emigration

A

The number of individuals living in a area

63
Q

Exponential growth

A

a rapid increase in number or size, represented by a J-shaped graph

64
Q

Sigmoid

A

the shape of a graph that shows a population increasing in number then reaching a plateau

65
Q

Equilibrium

A

a state in which conditions are balanced and there is neither growth nor a decrease in number; also known as steady state or plateau phase

66
Q

Zero population growth

A

the point at which birth and death rates balance each other out

67
Q

Carrying capacity

A

the maximum population size that a particular environment can sustain

68
Q

Eutrophication

A

a form of water pollution involving an excess of nutrients such as nitrates and phosphorus, resulting in algal blooms and possible death of fish and other organisms

69
Q

Insecticide

A

A chemical used to kill insects

70
Q

Fungicides

A

a chemical used to kill fungal growth

71
Q

Herbicides

A

a chemical used to kill unwanted plants (weeds)

72
Q

Fumigants

A

a chemical used in the form of smoke or fumes, to kill pests

73
Q

Bioaccumulation

A

magnification of concentrations of a substance such as a nonbiodegradable pesticide along the food chain; also known as biological magnification

74
Q

Introduced species

A

an organism that has been released into an ecosystem in which it does not occur naturally

75
Q

Nocturnal

A

A organism that is awake and hunting at night and is asleep during the day

76
Q

Thermoreceptors

A

special cells located in your skin, part of your brain and body core that are sensitive to temperature

77
Q

Xerophytes

A

plant that is adapted to survive in deserts and other dry habitats

78
Q

Ephermeral

A

Lasting for a very short time

79
Q

Perennial

A

Lasting for three years

80
Q

Drought tolerant

A

Able to tolerate a period of time without water

81
Q

Drought resistant

A

able to store water and hence tolerate long periods of time without water

82
Q

Eutrophication

A

a form of water pollution involving an excess of nutrients such as nitrates and phosphorus, resulting in algal blooms and possible death of fish and other organisms

83
Q

Nocturnal

A

They are always awake at night

84
Q

Thermoreceptors

A

special cells located in your skin, part of your brain and body core that are sensitive to temperature

Science (3 decks)

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