Chapter 5 Sections 1,2,&3

Question 1

Valence electrons

Answer 1

Electrons with the highest energy level and are held most loosely

Question 2

What can the number of valence electrons in an atom determine?

Answer 2

Properties of the element, and which ways the atom can bond with other atoms

Question 3

Electron dot diagram

Answer 3

Includes the element symbol surrounded by dots, representing the valence electrons.

Question 4

Chemical bond

Answer 4

The force of attraction that holds two atoms together as a result of the rearrangement of electrons between them

Question 5

Are elements more or less stable when they have 8 valence electrons?

Answer 5

More

Question 6

Does the periodic table give you info about the arrangement of electrons in atoms?

Answer 6

Yes

Question 7

Why do the elements within a group have similar properties?

Answer 7

They have the same number of valence electrons in their atoms

Question 8

Do how elements react depend on how many valence electrons it has?

Answer 8

Yes

Question 9

Why is hydrogen grouped above Group 1 even though it is not a metal?

Answer 9

Too different from other elements, simplistic atom with one valence electron

Question 10

How many valence electrons does hydrogen have?

Answer 10

1

Question 11

How do atoms of metalloids behave when combining with atoms of other elements?

Answer 11

They can either lose or share electrons

Question 12

Describe two ways that nonmetals can combine with other elements.

Answer 12

By gaining or sharing electrons

Question 13

How many valence electrons can atoms of nonmetals have?

Answer 13

4 or more

Question 14

What happens to the reactivity of metals form left the right across the periodic table?

Answer 14

The reactivity decreases

Question 15

When metals react with other elements, what happens to the valence electrons of the metal atoms?

Answer 15

They react by losing electrons

Question 16

How do atoms form chemical bonds?

Answer 16

By losing, gaining, or sharing electrons

Question 17

What is a poly atomic ion?

Answer 17

Ions that are made of more than one atom

Question 18

What happens to an atom when it gains an electron?

Answer 18

It gains a negative charge and becomes a anion

Question 19

What happens to an atom when it loses an electron?

Answer 19

It loses a negative charge and becomes a cation

Question 20

What is an ion?

Answer 20

An atom or group of atoms that had an electric charge

Question 21

What is an ionic bond?

Answer 21

The attraction between to oppositely charged ions

Question 22

What is a chemical formula?

Answer 22

A combination of symbols that shows the ratio of elements in a compound

Question 23

In this formula (MgCl2) what does the 2 mean?

Answer 23

Subscript

Question 24

When does the end of a name of a negative ion end with ide?

Answer 24

If the negative ion is a single element

Question 25

What are three characteristic properties of ionic compounds?

Answer 25

Ionic crystals High melting points Electrical conductivity

Question 26

Which ions are attracted to each other?

Answer 26

Cations to anions

Question 27

Why do ionic compounds have high melting points?

Answer 27

Their energy increases when heated up

Question 28

Alloy

Answer 28

A mixture made of two or more elements that had the properties of a metal

Question 29

Properties of a metal

Answer 29

Shininess, malleability, ductility, conductivity

Question 30

What is a covalent bond?

Answer 30

A chemical formed when two atoms share electrons

Question 31

Molecule

Answer 31

A neutral particle in covalent bonds

Question 32

Double bond

Answer 32

When atoms share two pairs of electrons

Question 33

Can atoms of some elements share three pairs of electrons?

Answer 33

Yes

Question 34

How are atoms arranged in molecular compounds?

Answer 34

In molecules

Question 35

In a __ covalent bond, electrons are shared unequally.

Answer 35

Polar

Question 36

How are electrons shared in a nonpolar covalent bond?

Answer 36

Equally

Question 37

How can a molecule be nonpolar overall but still contain polar bonds?

Answer 37

If 2 atoms pull on shared electrons with equal force, the charges cancel out

Question 38

True or false? Water molecules are polar.

Answer 38

True

Question 39

Are molecules part of a covalent bond or ionic bond?

Answer 39

Covalent

Question 40

In a covalent bond, are electrons shared or transferred?

Answer 40

Shared, they are transferred in ionic bonds

Question 41

What is an ionic compound made of?

Answer 41

Ions

Question 42

Are covalent bonds between metals or nonmetals?

Answer 42

Nonmetals

Question 43

Nonpolar covalent bonds

Answer 43

Share electrons equally

Question 44

Polar covalent bonds

Answer 44

Do not share electrons equally, usually different elements

Question 45

If there is a metal and nonmetal, what is the new ending on the anion?

Answer 45

-ide

Question 46

Do nonmetals or metals lose electrons?

Answer 46

Metals, nonmetals gain

Question 47

Properties of ionic compounds

Answer 47

Ionic crystals, high melting points, and electrical conductivity REMEMBER: COVALENT BONDS ARE OPPOSITE!!!

Question 48

Alloy

Answer 48

A material made of two or more elements that have the properties of a metal

Question 49

List 4 properties of metals

Answer 49

Malleable, shiny, ductile, conductivity

Question 50

What is a metallic bond?

Answer 50

An attraction between a positive metal ion and the electrons surrounding it

Question 51

Explination for metallic properties

Answer 51

The valence electrons are extremely mobile and move easily between atoms (sea of electrons)