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PMP > Chapter 5 - Scope > Flashcards

Chapter 5 - Scope Flashcards

0
Q

What is plan scope management Plan?

A

It’s the process of creating a scope management plan that documents how the project scope will be defined, validated and controlled.

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1
Q

What is project scope?

A

Managing the project scope is primarily concerned with defining and controlling what is and is not included in the project.

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2
Q

What is Collect Requirements?

A

Collect Requirements is the process of determining, documenting and managing stakeholders’ needs and requirements to meet the project objectives.

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3
Q

What is Define Scope?

A

Define Scope is the process of developing a detailed description of the project and the product.

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4
Q

What is Create WBS?

A

Create WBS is the process of subdividing project deliverables and project work into smaller, more manageable components.

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5
Q

What is Validate Scope?

A

Validate scope is the process of formalizing acceptance of the completed project deliverables.

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6
Q

What is Control Scope?

A

Control Scope is the process of monitoring the status of the project and product scope and managing changes to the scope baseline.

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7
Q

What is Product scope?

A

The features and functions that characterize a product, service, or result.

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8
Q

What is Project scope?

A

The work that needs to be done to be accomplished to deliver a product, service, or result with the specified features and functions.

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9
Q

What makes up the scope baseline for the project?

A

The approved version of the project scope statement, the WBS, and the WBS dictionary.

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10
Q

What is completion of the product and project scope measured against?

A

Completion of the product scope is measured against the product requirement and the completion of the project scope is measured against the project management plan.

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11
Q

What is project requirement?

A

Project requirements describe the actions, processes or the other conditions the project needs to meet.

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12
Q

What are the Inputs for Collect Requirements?

A
  1. Scope management plan
  2. Requirement management plan
  3. Stakeholder management plan
  4. Project charter
  5. Stakeholder register
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13
Q

What are the Tools & Techniques for Collect Requirements?

A
  1. Interviews
  2. Focus groups
  3. Facilitated Workshops
  4. Group creativity techniques
  5. Group decision-making techniques
  6. Questionnaires and surveys
  7. Observations
  8. Prototypes
  9. Benchmarking
  10. Context diagrams
  11. Document analysis
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14
Q

What are the Outputs for Collect Requirements?

A
  1. Requirements Documentation
  2. Requirements management plan
  3. Requirements traceability matrix
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15
Q

What is the purpose of the Project Charter in the Collect Requirements Process?

A

The Project Charter is used to provide the high level description of the product, service or result of the project so that detailed requirements can be developed.

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16
Q

What is the Stakeholder Register?

A

The stakeholder register is used to identify stakeholders who can provide information on the requirement. It also captures major requirements and stakeholder main expectations.

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17
Q

What is the purpose of interviews in the Collect Requirements process?

A

An interview is a formal or informal approach to elicit information from stakeholders by talking to them directly.

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18
Q

What is the purpose of focus groups in the Collect Requirements process?

A

Focus Groups bring together prequalified stakeholders and subject matter experts to learn about their expectations and attitudes about a proposed product, service, or result.

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19
Q

What is the purpose of facilitated workshops in the Collect Requirements process?

A

Facilitated workshops are focused sessions that bring stakeholders together to define product requirements. Workshops are considered a primary technique for quickly defining cross-functional requirements and reconciling stakeholder differences.

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20
Q

What are examples of group creativity techniques that can be used to identify project and product requirements?

A
  1. Brainstorming – ideas generated from each other, strives for “group think.”
  2. Nominal Group technique – usually from brainstorming, rank ideas.
  3. Idea/Mind mapping – a tree radiating out.
  4. Affinity Diagram – ideas grouped by similarities.
  5. Multi criteria decision analysis – utilizes decision matrix to provide systematic analytical approach for establishing criteria such as risk level uncertainty and valuation to evaluate and rank many ideas.
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21
Q

What is Brainstorming?

A

Brainstorming is a technique used to generate and collect multiple ideas related to project and product requirements.

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22
Q

What is Nominal Group Technique?

A

Nominal Group Technique that enhances brainstorming with a voting process used to rank the most useful ideas for further brainstorming or prioritization.

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23
Q

What is Idea/Mind Mapping?

A

Ideas created through individual brainstorming are consolidated into a single map to reflect commonality and differences in understanding, and generate new ideas.

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24
Q

What is an Affinity Diagram?

A

This technique allows large numbers of ideas to be classified into groups for review and analysis.

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25
Q

What are the four Group Decision-Making Techniques?

A
  1. Unanimity – Everyone agrees on a single course of action.
  2. Majority – Support from more than 50% of the members of the group.
  3. Plurality – The largest block in a group decides if the majority is not achieved.
  4. Dictatorship – One individual makes the decision for the group.
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26
Q

How are questionnaires and surveys used as part of the Collect Requirements Process?

A

Questionnaires and surveys are written sets of questions designed to quickly accumulate information from a wide number of respondents. Most appropriate with broad audiences, where quick turnaround is needed, and where statistical analysis is appropriate.

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27
Q

How are observations used as part of the Collect Requirements Process?

A

Observations provide a direct way of viewing individuals in their environment and how they perform their jobs or tasks and carry out processes. It is particularly helpful for detailed processes when the people that use the product have difficulty or are reluctant to articulate their requirements.

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28
Q

How are Prototypes used as part of the Collect Requirements Process?

A

Prototyping is a method of obtaining early feedback on requirements by providing a working model of the expected work product before actually building it. Prototyping allows stakeholder to experiment with a model of their final product rather than only discussing abstract representations of their requirements.

29
Q

What’s requirements management plan?

A

Requirements management plan provides the processes that will be used throughout the Collect Requirements process to define and document the stakeholder needs. It describes how requirements will be analyzed, documented and managed.

30
Q

What is Requirements Documentation?

A

Requirements documentation describes how individual requirements meet the business need for the project. Before being baselined, requirements must be unambiguous (measurable and testable), traceable, complete, consistent, and acceptable to key stakeholders.

31
Q

What are examples of components of requirements documentation?

A

Components of requirements documentation can include but are not limited to;
• Business requirements, including;
- Business and project objectives for traceability
- Business rules for the performing organization
- Guiding principles of the organization
• Stakeholder requirement
• Solution requirements
• Project requirements
• Transition requirements
• Requirements assumptions, dependencies, and constraints

32
Q

What is the purpose of the Requirements Management Plan?

A

The Requirements Management Plan documents how requirements will be analyzed, documented, and managed throughout the project.

33
Q

What is the purpose of the Requirements Traceability Matrix?

A

The Requirements Traceability Matrix is a grid that links product requirements from their origin to the deliverables that satisfy them. It provides a means to tracks requirements throughout the project lifecycle to ensure they are delivered.

34
Q

What is Define Scope?

A

Define Scope is the process of developing a detailed description of the project and product. It describes the product, service, or result boundaries, defining what is and is not included in the project and the deliverable.

35
Q

What are the Inputs to Define Scope?

A

The Inputs to the Define Scope process are:

  1. Scope management plan
  2. Project Charter
  3. Requirements Documentation
  4. Organizational Process Assets
36
Q

What is scope management plan?

A

The scope management plan establishes the activities for developing, monitoring and controlling the project scope.

37
Q

What are Organizational Process Assets?

A

Examples of Organizational Process Assets that can influence the Define Scope process include:

  1. Policies, procedures, and templates (for a project scope statement).
  2. Project files from previous projects; and,
  3. Lessons learned from previous phases or projects.
38
Q

What are the Tools and Techniques for the Define Scope Process?

A
  1. Expert Judgment
  2. Product Analysis
  3. Alternatives Identification
  4. Facilitated Workshops
39
Q

What is Product Analysis in the context of the Define Scope Process?

A

For projects that have a product as a deliverable, as opposed to a service or result, product analysis can be an effective tool. Product analysis includes techniques such as product breakdown, systems analysis, requirements analysis, systems engineering, value engineering, and value analysis.

40
Q

What are the Outputs of the Define Scope Process?

A
  1. Project Scope Statement

2. Project Document Updates

41
Q

What is the Project Scope Statement and what are its components?

A

The Project Scope is a description of the project scope, major deliverables, assumptions, and constrains. It includes:

  1. Product scope description
  2. Product acceptance criteria
  3. Project deliverables
  4. Project exclusions
  5. Project constraints
  6. Project assumptions
42
Q

What project documents may be updated as an output of the Define Scope process?

A
  1. Stakeholder register
  2. Requirements documentation
  3. Requirements traceability matrix
43
Q

What is the Create WBS process?

A

Create WBS is the process of subdividing project deliverables and project work into smaller, more manageable components.

44
Q

What is a work breakdown structure [WBS]?

A

The WBS is a logical grouping of project deliverables arranged in a hierarchical structure. It defines the total scope of work required to complete the project. The individual components are at the lowest level of the hierarchy and are referred to as work packages.
The WBS represents all product and project work, including the project management work.

45
Q

What are the INPUTS to the Create WBS process?

A
  1. Scope management plan
  2. Project Scope Statement
  3. Requirements Documentation
  4. Organizational Process Assets
  5. Enterprise environmental factors
46
Q

What is the Tool & Technique to the Create WBS?

A
  1. Decomposition

2. Expert judgment

47
Q

What are the OUTPUTS to the Create WBS process?

A
  1. Scope baseline

2. Project Document Updates

48
Q

What is the WBS Dictionary?

A

It is a document that retains all WBS component information such as deliverables, activities, code assignments, and scheduling information.

49
Q

What are the components of the SCOPE BASELINE?

A

Components of the scope baseline include:

  1. Project scope statement
  2. WBS
  3. WBS Dictionary
50
Q

What is Validate Scope?

A

Validate Scope is the process of formalizing acceptance of the completed project deliverables.

51
Q

What are the INPUTS to the Validate Scope Process?

A
  1. Project management plan
  2. Requirements Documentation
  3. Requirements Traceability matrix
  4. Verified Deliverables
  5. Work Performance Data
52
Q

What are the INPUTS to the Validate Scope Process?

A
  1. Project management plan
  2. Requirements Documentation
  3. Requirements Traceability matrix
  4. Verified Deliverables
  5. Work Performance Data
53
Q

What is the Tool & Technique for the Validate Scope Process?

A
  1. Inspection

2. Group Decision Making Techniques

54
Q

What are the OUTPUTS for the Validate Scope Process?

A
  1. Accepted deliverables
  2. Change Requests
  3. Work Performance Information
  4. Project document updates
55
Q

What is Inspection in the Validate Scope Process?

A

Inspection includes activities such as measuring, examining, and verifying to determine whether work and deliverables meet requirements and product acceptance criteria. Inspections are sometimes called reviews, product reviews, audits, and walk-throughs.

56
Q

What is the difference between validate scope and control quality?

A

Validate scope is concerned with acceptance of deliverables, while control quality is concerned with correctness of the deliverables and meeting the quality requirement specified for the deliverable. Control quality is performed before validate scope.

57
Q

When can Validate Scope be done?

A
  1. At the end of each project phase
  2. During monitoring and controlling process
  3. Anytime
58
Q

What is the Control Scope Process?

A

Control Scope is the process of monitoring the status of the project and product scope and managing changes to the scope baseline. Controlling the project scope ensures all requested changes and recommended corrective or preventive actions are processed through the Perform Integrated Change control process.

59
Q

What are the INPUTS to the Control Scope Process?

A
  1. Project Management Plan
  2. Work performance data
  3. Requirements documentation
  4. Requirements traceability matrix
  5. Organizational Process Assets
60
Q

What are the TOOLS & TECHNIQUES for the Control Scope Process?

A

Variance analysis (the only one).

61
Q

What are the OUTPUTS for the Control Scope Process?

A
  1. Work performance information
  2. Organizational process assets updates
  3. Change requests
  4. Project management plan updates
  5. Project document updates
62
Q

What are Uncontrolled changes often called?

A

Project Scope Creep.

63
Q

What components of the project management plan are used to control scope?

A
  1. Scope baseline
  2. Scope management plan
  3. Change management plan
  4. Configuration management plan
  5. Requirements management plan
64
Q

What is the Configuration Management Plan?

A

The configuration management plan defines those items that are configurable, those items that require formal change control and the process for controlling changes to such items.

65
Q

What is the Requirements Management Plan?

A

The requirements management plan can include how requirements activities will be planned, tracked, and reported and how changes to the product, service or result requirements will be initiated. It also describes how impacts will be analyzed and the authorization levels required to approve these changes.

66
Q

What organizational process assets can influence the Control Scope process?

A
  1. Existing formal and informal scope control-related policies, procedures and guidelines
  2. Monitoring and reporting methods to be used.
67
Q

What is Variance Analysis?

A

Project performance measurements are used to assess the magnitude of variation from the original scope baseline. Important aspects of project scope control include determining the cause and degree of variance relative to the scope baseline and deciding whether corrective or preventive action is required.

68
Q

What Organizational Process Updates may occur as a result of the Control Scope process?

A
  1. Causes of variances
  2. Corrective action chosen and the reasons, and
  3. Other types of lessons learned from project scope control.
69
Q

What Project Management Plan Updates may occur as a result of the Control Scope process?

A
  1. Scope Baseline Updates. If the approved change requests have an effect on the project scope, then the scope statement, the WBS, and the WBS dictionary are revised and reissued to reflect the approved changes through perform Integrated Change Control process.
  2. Other Baseline Updates. If the approved change requests have an effect on the project beside the project scope, then the corresponding cost baseline and schedule baselines are revised and reissued to reflect the approved changes.
70
Q

What project documents may be updated as a result of the Control Scope Process?

A
  1. Requirements Documentation

2. Requirements Traceability Matrix

PMP (5 decks)

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