Chapter 5: Sampling Flashcards
The process of selecting observations that will be analyzed for research purposes
Sampling
Why would one use heterogenous participants in a study?
To ensure that the sample reflects the variability in the population
Probabilistic sampling techniques are random/nonrandom
random
Random/nonrandom sampling allows for generalization from the sample to the population
Random
Sampling error
Degree to which your sample deviates from the population’s characteristics
Two types of sampling errors:
Random error + systematic error
Random error is caused by _____
chance
Systematic error is caused by ____
bias
Types of random samples:
Simple
Systematic
Stratified
Cluster
Types of nonrandom samples:
Purposive
Snowball
Quota
Convenience
Tell me about Convenience sampling
Gather data from available people who fit criteria for your study
Nonrandom
Good for exploratory research
Tell me about Quota sampling
Use preset categories that are characteristics of the population, such as gender, race, age, etc.
Researcher decides how many people they want from each subgroup
Tell me about Purposive sampling
Use multiple methods of gathering a sample of people to gain diversity
Use judgement in selecting cases and have a specific purpose in mind
Begin with specific perspectives and then seek out participants who cover them
Tell me about snowball sampling
Participants help find other participants
Relies on a network
Good when population is rare or there is a stigma
Tell me about systematic sampling
Uses a sampling frame
Every kth person makes it in the sample
Periodicity is a problem
