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Abeka > Chapter 5 Review Science > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Review Science Flashcards

1
Q

Evolutionary hypothesis stating that all the universe’s matter energy, and space existed in a dense and extremely hot point that suddenly began to rapidly expand, eventually forming the universe known today.

A

Big Bang

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2
Q

Principle that natural laws in operation today have existed throughout the earth’s history

A

Principle of uniformity

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3
Q

Distortion of the principle of uniformity that claims understanding modern geological processes is the key to understanding the earth’s geological historyp

A

Uniformitarianism

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4
Q

Idea that one or more catastrophes are primarily responsible for the earth’s geological features

A

Catastrophism

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5
Q

Branch of geology that studies fossils

A

Paleontology

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6
Q

Hypothetical timescale used to summarize and graphically illustrate the evolutionary idea of Earth’s history

A

Geologic Column

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7
Q

Any fossil considered by evolutionists to be characteristic of a specific range of time and used to identify rock layers in the field

A

Index Fossil

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8
Q

Logic error in which the “proof” of an idea depends on the assumption that the idea is true

A

Circular Reasoning

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9
Q

Amount of time needed for half of a radioactive parent element to decay into its daughter element

A

Half-Life

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10
Q

Gap formed when continuous strata are missing one or more layers required by the geologic column

A

Unconformity

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11
Q

Situation in which an organism shows no change between its appearance in the fossil record and at the present day

A

Stasis

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12
Q

Idea that the fittest and strongest members of each species were more likely to survive and reproduce than weaker, poorly adapted members

A

Natural Selection

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13
Q

Evolutionary hypothesis that new kinds of organism are a result of rapid genetic changes that supposedly bring about a new organism in a very short time

A

Punctuated equilibrium

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14
Q

Biological classification of man

A

Homo sapiens

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15
Q

Small ape that was once thought by evolutionists to be an early link in the supposed genealogy of man, but is actually similar to modern orangutans

A

Ramapithecus

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16
Q

Supposed human evolutionary ancestor, said to have evolved from the Australopithecus

A

Homo habilis

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17
Q

Homo habilis skull that was crushed so badly that scientist cannot be sure of its exact features

A

Skull 1470

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18
Q

“Missing link” in the supposed evolution of man that was discovered in southwest France but was later admitted by evolutionists to be a modern human.

A

Cro-Magnon man

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19
Q

The geologists who popularized the idea of uniformitarianism

A

Charles Lyell

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20
Q

The scientists who first suggested that many catastrophes have shaped Earth’s geological features

A

George Cuvier

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21
Q

Five main types of fossils

A 
Petrified fossil
Mold fossil
Print fossil
Resin fossil
whole-specimen fossil
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22
Q

Four divisions of the geologic column, in order from largest to smallest

A

Eon
Era
Period
Epoch

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23
Q

A radiometric dating method used on organic materials

A

Carbon-14 dating

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24
Q

The term for fossils that extend through several rock layers

A

Polystrate Fossils

25
Q

A deep-sea fish considered a living fossil

A

Coelacanth

26
Q

The most famous australopithecine fossil

A

Australopithecus Afarensis (LUCY)

27
Q

The “human ancestor” developed from a tooth of an extinct pig

A

Nebraska Man (Hesperopithecus Haroldcookii)

28
Q

Define Special Creation

A

The biblical principle of origins

(States that God called the universe into existence out of nothing and made complex living organisms out of simple materials)

29
Q

What are two categories of evolution?

A

Biological evolution, Cosmic evolution

30
Q

Why is theistic evolution not a biblical view?

A

It is not a compatible with the biblical record.

31
Q

Can evolution be proven? Why or Why Not?

A

No; science cannot make authoritative statements about the origin of the Earth

32
Q

When Cristhian believes in special creation, on what do they base their faith?

A

The Bible

33
Q

What principle states that the natural laws in operation today have existed throughout the earth’s history?

A

Principle of uniformity

34
Q

When did the Flood most likely occur?

A

Fewer than 5000-6000 years ago

35
Q

Give three reasons why the Flood could not have been local?

A

1 A local flood could not have covered the high hills and mountains without spilling over onto the rest of the earth.

2 If the Flood were local, Noah and the animals could have traveled to another area to avoid the floodwaters.

3 A local flood could not have accomplished God’s Words “to destroy all flesh” (Gen. 6:17).

4 A local flood cannot explain the earth’s many geological features.

36
Q

Define uniformitarianism

A

The belief that every natural process has been operating in the same manner and at the same rate throughout Earth’s History

37
Q

Who popularized the idea of biological evolution ?

A

Charles Darwin

38
Q

What branch of science deals with the study of fossils?

A

Paleontology

39
Q

What is the geologic column?

A

The hypothetical timescale used by evolutionists to summarize and illustrate their idea of earth’s history.

40
Q

Define Eon

A

The first and largest division of the geologic column is supposed to be able to prove evolution

41
Q

How is the geologic column an example of circular reasoning?

A

The geologic column is based on the theory of evolution, even though the geologic column is supposed to be able to prove evolution.

42
Q

What term refers to a misplaced fossil?

A

Anomaly

43
Q

What type of materials would scientist date with the carbon-14 method?

A

Organic materials (considered to be less than 50 000 years old on the evolutionary timescale).

44
Q

What type of materials would scientist date with the carbon-14 method?

A

Organic materials (considered to be less than 50 000 years old on the evolutionary timescale).

45
Q

Why does the very existence of a fossil imply catastrophic burial?

A

For a Fossil to form, it must be buried quickly before it decays, and its bones are scattered or decomposed.

46
Q

How do mas sedimentary graves indicate a quick deposition?

A

The conditions in which these graveyards are found indicate that the bones were buried in a rapid, violent event.

47
Q

What is a prostrate fossil?

A

A fossil that extends through multiple strata.

48
Q

Define unconformity.

A

The Gap when one or more layers predicted by the geologic column are missing.

49
Q

What living fossil was once thought to be the ancestor of the first amphibians?

A

coelacanth

50
Q

What living fossil was once thought to be the ancestor of the first amphibians?

A

coelacanth

51
Q

What is an intermediate? Have any been discovered?

A

Fossils that show signs of evolving from one kind to another; no

52
Q

What fossil is sometimes considered by evolutionists to be an intermediate between reptiles and birds?

A

Archaeopteryx

53
Q

Define natural selection.

A

The idea that the fittest and strongest of each species were more likely to survive and reproduce than weaker, poorly adapted members.

54
Q

Explain the punctuated equilibrium hypothesis.

A

New kinds of organism are the result of rapid genetic changes that supposedly bring about a new organism in a very short time.

55
Q

Define Cranial Capacity.

A

The volume of the cranium (part of the skull that contains the brain).

56
Q

What is the most famous Australopithecus aphaeresis fossil.

A

Lucy

57
Q

Into what classification do evolutionists place java man and Peking man?

A

Homo erectus

58
Q

List three reasons why the hypothesis of evolution is a failure.

A

It is contradicted by the evidence
It is based on faulty theories
It is based on circular reasoning

Abeka (11 decks)

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