Chapter 5 Review Science Flashcards
Evolutionary hypothesis stating that all the universe’s matter energy, and space existed in a dense and extremely hot point that suddenly began to rapidly expand, eventually forming the universe known today.
Big Bang
Principle that natural laws in operation today have existed throughout the earth’s history
Principle of uniformity
Distortion of the principle of uniformity that claims understanding modern geological processes is the key to understanding the earth’s geological historyp
Uniformitarianism
Idea that one or more catastrophes are primarily responsible for the earth’s geological features
Catastrophism
Branch of geology that studies fossils
Paleontology
Hypothetical timescale used to summarize and graphically illustrate the evolutionary idea of Earth’s history
Geologic Column
Any fossil considered by evolutionists to be characteristic of a specific range of time and used to identify rock layers in the field
Index Fossil
Logic error in which the “proof” of an idea depends on the assumption that the idea is true
Circular Reasoning
Amount of time needed for half of a radioactive parent element to decay into its daughter element
Half-Life
Gap formed when continuous strata are missing one or more layers required by the geologic column
Unconformity
Situation in which an organism shows no change between its appearance in the fossil record and at the present day
Stasis
Idea that the fittest and strongest members of each species were more likely to survive and reproduce than weaker, poorly adapted members
Natural Selection
Evolutionary hypothesis that new kinds of organism are a result of rapid genetic changes that supposedly bring about a new organism in a very short time
Punctuated equilibrium
Biological classification of man
Homo sapiens
Small ape that was once thought by evolutionists to be an early link in the supposed genealogy of man, but is actually similar to modern orangutans
Ramapithecus
Supposed human evolutionary ancestor, said to have evolved from the Australopithecus
Homo habilis
Homo habilis skull that was crushed so badly that scientist cannot be sure of its exact features
Skull 1470
“Missing link” in the supposed evolution of man that was discovered in southwest France but was later admitted by evolutionists to be a modern human.
Cro-Magnon man
The geologists who popularized the idea of uniformitarianism
Charles Lyell
The scientists who first suggested that many catastrophes have shaped Earth’s geological features
George Cuvier
Five main types of fossils
Petrified fossil Mold fossil Print fossil Resin fossil whole-specimen fossil
Four divisions of the geologic column, in order from largest to smallest
Eon
Era
Period
Epoch
A radiometric dating method used on organic materials
Carbon-14 dating
The term for fossils that extend through several rock layers
Polystrate Fossils
A deep-sea fish considered a living fossil
Coelacanth
The most famous australopithecine fossil
Australopithecus Afarensis (LUCY)
The “human ancestor” developed from a tooth of an extinct pig
Nebraska Man (Hesperopithecus Haroldcookii)
Define Special Creation
The biblical principle of origins
(States that God called the universe into existence out of nothing and made complex living organisms out of simple materials)
What are two categories of evolution?
Biological evolution, Cosmic evolution
Why is theistic evolution not a biblical view?
It is not a compatible with the biblical record.
Can evolution be proven? Why or Why Not?
No; science cannot make authoritative statements about the origin of the Earth
When Cristhian believes in special creation, on what do they base their faith?
The Bible
What principle states that the natural laws in operation today have existed throughout the earth’s history?
Principle of uniformity
When did the Flood most likely occur?
Fewer than 5000-6000 years ago
Give three reasons why the Flood could not have been local?
1 A local flood could not have covered the high hills and mountains without spilling over onto the rest of the earth.
2 If the Flood were local, Noah and the animals could have traveled to another area to avoid the floodwaters.
3 A local flood could not have accomplished God’s Words “to destroy all flesh” (Gen. 6:17).
4 A local flood cannot explain the earth’s many geological features.
Define uniformitarianism
The belief that every natural process has been operating in the same manner and at the same rate throughout Earth’s History
Who popularized the idea of biological evolution ?
Charles Darwin
What branch of science deals with the study of fossils?
Paleontology
What is the geologic column?
The hypothetical timescale used by evolutionists to summarize and illustrate their idea of earth’s history.
Define Eon
The first and largest division of the geologic column is supposed to be able to prove evolution
How is the geologic column an example of circular reasoning?
The geologic column is based on the theory of evolution, even though the geologic column is supposed to be able to prove evolution.
What term refers to a misplaced fossil?
Anomaly
What type of materials would scientist date with the carbon-14 method?
Organic materials (considered to be less than 50 000 years old on the evolutionary timescale).
What type of materials would scientist date with the carbon-14 method?
Organic materials (considered to be less than 50 000 years old on the evolutionary timescale).
Why does the very existence of a fossil imply catastrophic burial?
For a Fossil to form, it must be buried quickly before it decays, and its bones are scattered or decomposed.
How do mas sedimentary graves indicate a quick deposition?
The conditions in which these graveyards are found indicate that the bones were buried in a rapid, violent event.
What is a prostrate fossil?
A fossil that extends through multiple strata.
Define unconformity.
The Gap when one or more layers predicted by the geologic column are missing.
What living fossil was once thought to be the ancestor of the first amphibians?
coelacanth
What living fossil was once thought to be the ancestor of the first amphibians?
coelacanth
What is an intermediate? Have any been discovered?
Fossils that show signs of evolving from one kind to another; no
What fossil is sometimes considered by evolutionists to be an intermediate between reptiles and birds?
Archaeopteryx
Define natural selection.
The idea that the fittest and strongest of each species were more likely to survive and reproduce than weaker, poorly adapted members.
Explain the punctuated equilibrium hypothesis.
New kinds of organism are the result of rapid genetic changes that supposedly bring about a new organism in a very short time.
Define Cranial Capacity.
The volume of the cranium (part of the skull that contains the brain).
What is the most famous Australopithecus aphaeresis fossil.
Lucy
Into what classification do evolutionists place java man and Peking man?
Homo erectus
List three reasons why the hypothesis of evolution is a failure.
It is contradicted by the evidence
It is based on faulty theories
It is based on circular reasoning
