Chapter 5 pt 2

Question 1

Viruses are only ___________________ they are only able to reproduce within cells

Answer 1

Obligate intracellular parasite

Question 2

A virus must bind to a specific receptor on the surface as the 1st step of _____________

Answer 2

Infection

Question 3

The _______ cycle is an efficient way for a virus to rapidly increase its numbers

Answer 3

Lytic

Question 4

In the __________ cycle, the prophage gets reproduce everytime the cells gets reproduce & the prologue later gets activated & enters the lytic cycle

Answer 4

Lysogenic

Question 5

Transduction

Answer 5

When the presence of new DNA codes for a trait that the newly infected host did not previously have

Question 6

Productive cycle

Answer 6

Is similar to the lytic cycle but doesn’t destroy the host cell (since the virus exits by budding through the host cell membrane)

Question 7

In the animal virus Lysogenic cycle the dormant form of the viral genome is called a _____________

Answer 7

Provirus

Question 8

+ RNA Viruses

Answer 8

Must encode RNA - dependent RNA poly

Question 9

A piece of single stranded viral RNA which serves as mRNA is called _____________ & as soon as the _____________ genome is in the host cell, the host ribosome begins to translate it which creates a viral protein (the viral genome acts directly as mRNA )

Answer 9

+ RNA

Question 10

• RNA Viruses

Answer 10

Must carry RNA dependent RNA poy ( & encode it too)

Question 11

The genome of - RNA virus is ________________ to the piece of RNA that encodes viral proteins (the genome of a L - ) RNA virus is the template for viral mRNA production)

Answer 11

Complementary

Question 12

Retroviruses must encode ______________

Answer 12

Reverse transcriptase

Question 13

_________________ make DNA from RNA through the enzyme reverse transcriptase

Answer 13

Retrovirsues (ex. HIV)

Question 14

________________ DNA viruses often encode enzymes required for dNTP synthesis & DNA replication involved in DNA synthesis

Answer 14

Double-stranded DNA

Question 15

_________ are responsible for a class of diseases in mammals referred to as the transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs)

Answer 15

Prions

Question 16

________ disease can also be genetically linked through mutation in the gene that codes for the ________ protein

Answer 16

Prion

Question 17

___________ are also sub particle viruses that affect plants

Answer 17

Viroids

Question 18

______________ are found in prokaryotic cells & ____________ is a circular piece of double-stranded DNA which is smaller than the genome

Answer 18

Plasmid (referred to as extrachromosomal genetic elements)

Question 19

The enzyme lysozyme destroys the peptidoglycan in the bacterial cell wall resulting in an osomatically fragile structure called a _______________

Answer 19

Protoplast

Question 20

Some bacteria contain the ____________ which makes bacteria more difficult for immune system cells to eradicate

Answer 20

Capsule

Question 21

A bacterium that has 1 or more flagella is __________

Answer 21

Motile

Question 22

Monotrichous bacteria

Answer 22

Have a flagella at only one end

Question 23

Amphitrichous bacteria

Answer 23

Have a flagellum at both ends

Question 24

Peritrichous bacteria

Answer 24

have multiple flagella

Question 25

Mesophiles

Answer 25

Are bacteria that favor mild temp (30C)

Question 26

Thermophiles

Answer 26

Bacteria that can survive at high temp up to 100C

Question 27

Psychrophiles

Answer 27

Bacteria that thrive at very low temp

Question 28

Bacterial lawn

Answer 28

Dense growth of bacteria on a petri dish & a plaque is a clear area on the lawn

Question 29

Auxotroph bacteria

Answer 29

A bacterium that can’t survive on a minimal medium & need a lot of it on there

Question 30

Tolerant anaerobes

Answer 30

Can grow in the presence or absence of oxygen but don’t use it in their metabolism

Question 31

Obligate anaerobes

Answer 31

Are poisoned by oxygen

Question 32

_____________ is glucose catabolism with an inorganic electron acceptor such as oxygen

Answer 32

Respiration

Question 33

______________ is glucose catabolism which doesn’t use an electron acceptor such as O2

Answer 33

Fermentation

Question 34

Anaerobic respiration

Answer 34

Glucose metabolism with electron transport & oxidative phosphorylation relying on an external acceptor other than O2

Question 35

In conjugation, bacteria that have F factor are __________ & will transfer the F factor to female cells

Answer 35

Male (F+)

Question 36

Bacteria that don’t contain the F factor are __________ & will receive the F factor from male cells to become male

Answer 36

Female (F-)

Question 37

Conjugation occurs between ______ & ______

Answer 37

F+ & F-

Question 38

When an ______ cell performs conjugation replication of the F factor DNA occurs as in F + cells with the extrachromosomal F factor

Answer 38

Hfr