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PSY 101 > Chapter 5 Pt. 1 - The Variations of Consciousness > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Pt. 1 - The Variations of Consciousness Flashcards

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1
Q

What is consciousness?

A

Awareness of internal and external events, having those experiences, and your thoughts about them

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2
Q

What is sleep?

A

Natural and reversible state of reduced responsiveness to external stimuli and relative inactivity and a loss of consciousness

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3
Q

What is the adaptive theory of sleeping?

A

We sleep when being awake is inefficient or dangerous; sleep helps us conserve our energy

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4
Q

What is the restorative theory of sleep?

A

Sleep provides an opportunity for the body to repair and rejuvenate itself

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5
Q

What is the memory consolidation theory of sleep?

A

Sleep helps restore and rebuild fading memories

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6
Q

What do we use to study consciousness and brain activity?

A

An electroencephalograph (EEG)

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7
Q

What is an electroencephalograph (EEG)?

A

A device that monitors the electrical activity of the brain over time by recording electrodes

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8
Q

In an electroencephalograph, what do the tracings vary in?

A

Amplitude (height) and frequency (cycles per second)

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9
Q

What states of consciousness are associated with the EEG pattern Beta?

A

Normal waking thought, alert problem solving

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10
Q

What states of consciousness are associated with the EEG pattern Alpha?

A

Deep relaxation, blank mind, meditation

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11
Q

What states of consciousness are associated with the EEG pattern Theta?

A

Light sleep

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12
Q

What states of consciousness are associated with the EEG pattern Delta

A

Deep sleep

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13
Q

What is a biological rhythm?

A

Periodic fluctuation in physiological functioning

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14
Q

What is a circadian rhythm?

A

24-hour biological cycle found in humans and other species that influence sleep regulation, blood pressure, hormonal secretions, etc.

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15
Q

What is melatonin?

A

A hormone that helps control sleep and wake cycles and the more there is, the more tired you get

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16
Q

When you are exposed to blue light, what happens to your melatonin?

A

Makes you more awake and decreases melatonin

17
Q

When you are exposed to red / yellow light, what happens to your melatonin?

A

Makes you more tired

18
Q

What is hypnagogia?

A

The transition between wakefulness and sleep

19
Q

At what stage of sleep does hypnagogia happen?

A

Stage 1

20
Q

At what stage of sleep do we experience dreams?

A

Rapid Eye Movement (REM)

21
Q

What is REM Sleep?

A

A deep stage of sleep where dreaming happens, features high-frequency brain waves, and hard to wake someone up from

22
Q

What is the recommended number of hours of sleep for an adult (26-64 years) / young adult (18-25 years)?

A

7 to 9 hours

23
Q

What is the recommended number of hours of sleep for an older adult (above 64 years)?

A

7 to 8 hours

24
Q

What is the recommended number of hours of sleep for a teenager?

A

8 to 10 hours

25
Q

What is a dream?

A

A subjective experience during sleep often accompanied by vivid visual content

26
Q

What are the two primary research methods to study dreams?

A

Dream journals and neuroimaging techniques (fMRI)

27
Q

What does a fMRI measure?

A

Measures brain activity by detecting changes associated with blood flow

28
Q

What can influence the contents of dreams?

A

What is happening in people’s lives and external stimuli

29
Q

What are some common themes of dreams?

A

Falling, being late or lost, being chased, being back in school, flying, etc.

30
Q

What is the dream protection theory?

A

Chief purpose of dreams is wish fulfillment

31
Q

What is the problem-solving/mood-regulation theory of dreams?

A

Dreams provide an opportunity to work through everyday problems and emotional issues

32
Q

What is the activation-synthesis theory of dreams?

A

Dreams reflect the brain’s attempt to make sense of random and internally generated neural signals during REM

33
Q

What are some effects of sleep deprivation?

A

Impaired attention, reaction time, motor coordination, decision making, and negative effects on immune system and endocrine

PSY 101 (2 decks)

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