Chapter 5: Protein Structure, Function, and Synthesis Flashcards
Why are phospholipids important in your cellular membrane?
Phospholipids are able to arrange themselves spontaneously
Membranes are self-healing because phospholipids spontaneously rearrange and “heal the membrane”
What are the different type of cell membrane proteins and their functions?
Transporters: move ions or molecules across the membrane
Receptors: allow the cell to receive signals from the environment
Enzymes: catalyze chemical reactions
Anchors: attach to other proteins that help to maintain cell structure and shape
What are the different cell organelles and their functions?
- Nucleus (contains genetic information)
- Mitochondrion (metabolism)
- Ribosomes (protein synthesis)
- [Cytoplasm]
- Endoplasmic Reticulum (smooth and rough ER; involved in synthesis of proteins and lipids)
- Golgi Apparatus (modifies and sorts proteins and lipids)
- Lysosomes (contain enzymes that break down molecules)
Why are diffusion and osmosis important concepts? What role do they play in blood cells?
To maintain homeostasis!
- ex: red blood cells going from hypertonic (salty) to isotonic (balanced) to hypotonic (watery)
What is Active Transport and Secondary Active Transport?
Active Transport: movement of substances against their concentration gradient
*Requires ATP
Secondary Active Transport: active transporters driving the transport of molecules through a different transporter through the creation of an electrochemical gradient
(ex: ETC proton pumping)
What are the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Prokaryotes:
- no nucleus
- smaller
- no membrane-bound organelles
Eukaryotes:
- nucleus
- bigger
- membrane-bound organelles
What are the differences between plant and animal cells?
Plant Cells:
- Cell wall
- Large Vacuoles
- Chloroplasts
Animal Cells:
- Lysosomes
- Small Vacuoles
- Centrosomes (pair of centrioles)
