Chapter 10: Cell and Tissue Form

Question 1

How are BACTERIA cells different from plant and animal cells?

Answer 1

• No nucleus
• Usually single-celled
• Double stranded circular DNA
• Can exchange DNA

Question 2

How are ANIMAL cells different from plant and bacteria cells?

Answer 2

• Centrioles: minute cylindrical organelles near the nucleus in animal cells, occurring in pairs and involved in the development of spindle fibers in cell division.

Question 3

How are PLANT cells different from bacteria and animal cells?

Answer 3

• Cell Wall
• Chloroplast
• Large, Central Vacuole

Question 4

What makes bacteria “Gram Positive” or “Gram Negative”?

Answer 4

Gram positive: bacteria have thick cell wall.
(generally good for stomach like in yogurt)

Gram negative: bacteria have thin cell wall
(usually bad)

Question 5

What is the “Extracellular Matrix” made of? What is its function?

Answer 5

Composed primarily of Collagen, but also contains elastin and fibroblast.

• Helps cells bind together and also regulates certain processes

Question 6

What are the 3 different “Cytoskeletal Elements” and what are they made of? What are each of their main functions?

Answer 6

1) Microtubules: tubulin dimers
- cell shape and support
- cell movement (by cilia or flagella)
- cell division (help with chromosome segregation)
- organelle arrangement

2) Microfilaments: actin monomers
- cell shape and support
- cell movement (by crawling)
- cell division (cytokinesis)
- MUSCLE CONTRACTIONS

3) Intermediate Filament: divers
- cell shape and support

Question 7

What are the differences between Red Blood Cells and White Blood Cells?

Answer 7

Red Blood Cells: Erythrocytes
- No nucleus
- Biconcave
- Contain hemoglobin which allow them to carry oxygen from lungs to other parts of the body

White Blood Cells: Leukocytes
- Diverse in shape and function

Question 8

What is a “Virus”?

Answer 8

Non-living infectious agent
- can use DNA or RNA
- requires living cells in order to reproduce

Question 9

What are some of the most deadly viral diseases?

Answer 9

• Ebola
• Marburg
• Hantavirus
• Lassa
• Rabies
• Small Pox
• Dengue
• HIV
• Influenza

Question 10

What are some of the most deadly bacterial diseases?

Answer 10

• E Coli
• Botox
• Tetanus
• Salmonella
• Typhoid Fever
• Cholera
• Staph
• Strep
• Syphilis
• Tuberculosis
• Chlamydia
• Diphtheria
• Whooping Cough

Question 11

What are “Vaccines” and why are they important?

Answer 11

Injecting a dead or weakened virus to help the body build immunity

*Vaccines SAVE LIVES