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Horticulture > Chapter 5 : Propagation > Flashcards

Chapter 5 : Propagation Flashcards

1
Q

List the four physiological changes in the reproductive phase of sexual propagation.

A

Flower or cone bud induction; Flower bud initiation and development; Flowering; Fruit and seed production, if fertilization occurs.

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2
Q

What is the main disadvantage of sexual propagation?

A

Offspring that are not uniform

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3
Q

Vegetative propagation is also referred to as ____ propagation

A

Asexual

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4
Q

List some examples of ways to vegetatively propagate a plant. (5)

A

Layering; Division; Separation; Budding; Grafting

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5
Q

Strawberry runners are commonly propagated by ____.

A

layering

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6
Q

Define grafting.

A

The joining together of two different plant parts so that they will heal together and continue growing as one unit.

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7
Q

What is a disadvantage of seed propagation?

A

Not uniform results because traits of both the male and female parent can appear.

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8
Q

What should the professional till I can server who wants to see the scene from their favorite annuals or vegetables?

A

A high percentage of the new plans for Barry from the original parent at plants.

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9
Q

These three factors should be kept low to slow the metabolism of a seed.

A

Humidity; oxygen; temperature

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10
Q

How should one store seeds to slow metabolism?

A

Refrigerators are a good option but one must also store the seeds enclosed containers with a small amount of dry and material used to dry flowers.

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11
Q

Because nearly every year results in leftover seed, what must the horticulturist do before offering the overstock seed for sale?

A

Germination test

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12
Q

What is the relationship regarding water soil content and oxygen soil content?

A

The more water in the soil the less oxygen there is.

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13
Q

What are the two most critical requirements for seed germination that does not require pre-conditioning?

A

Water & temperature

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14
Q

Plant distribution around the world is closely related to this.

A

Seed germination temperature

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15
Q

With regard to seed germination temperature, the temperature of the ____ is important, not the ____.

A

medium; air

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16
Q

What is the purpose for using heating cables or plastic tubes or pipes carrying warm water?

A

Bottom head is the best way for a commercial grower to control soil temperature.

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17
Q

What is stated will occur if a seed is planted too early?

A

The seed will germinate at the low temperature but the plant will usually fail to grow properly.

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18
Q

Annuals can roughly be classified into these two categories, according to their germination and growing requirements.

A

Call season; warm season

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19
Q

In addition to being viable seeds must also meet this requirement in order to germinate.

A

Dormancy requirements

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20
Q

In the strictest sense, the term dormancy refers to…

A

Conditions within the seed that prevent germination even when the environment is favorable

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21
Q

Scenes should be shaken in a small amount of this.

A

Fungicide powder

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22
Q

This type of solution and its ratio should be used for sanitation in the workplace with regard to seeds.

A

Bleach and water (1:9)

23
Q

How are plants worth lower germination percentage sown?

A

They are sown in shallow rows, in trays and transplanted as soon as they can be handled easily.

24
Q

Seeds should be planted no deeper than…

A

Three times its diameter

25
Q

Mini fine seeds can be sown in this way.

A

Put right on top of the medium and water carefully

26
Q

When transplanting from cell packs how deep should planting be?

A

Only deep enough to anchor the plant.

27
Q

What is the biggest propagation problem?

A

Watering

28
Q

Immediately after germination what technique of watering must be used? How often?

A

Misting 2 to 3 times a day

29
Q

Before a plant is sold or planted this just as important process must be performed.

A

Hardening off

30
Q

This watering technique is an alternative for seedlings.

A

Water in from the bottom

31
Q

Plants reproduce asexually in nature through these four methods.

A

Tip layering; runners; tuberous roots; underground stems

32
Q

These are the four methods of asexual production that people use.

A

Divisions; cuttings; but in; grafting

33
Q

Asexual reproduction produces this type of offspring.

A

Offspring that are genetically identical to the parent plant

34
Q

Describe the asexual reproduction method of layering.

A

The development of new plants by roots forming on a stem that is still attached to the mother plant. The rooted part is then separated from the mother plant.

35
Q

Describe the asexual reproduction method of division.

A

If a plant produces new shoots from its base or crown that form roots, it may be separated from the parent plant.

36
Q

Division is particularly viable for propagating this

A

Herbaceous perennials

37
Q

When is division usually done?

A

Fall or spring

38
Q

Describe the asexual reproduction method of separation.

A

Underground stems such as bulbs, corms, tubers and rhizomes can’t produce additional plants.

These can be removed from the parent plant after blooming and then replanted in the proper season.

39
Q

What is a disadvantage of the asexual reproduction method of separation?

A

It may take two or three years to produce a mature plant from the immature parts.

40
Q

Most woody plants or propagated by this method

A

Cutting

41
Q

This is often used to accelerate rooting after propagation by cutting.

A

Plant hormone

42
Q

Most plant cuttings need these four things.

A

Human atmosphere; warm soil temperatures; light; moist but well drained rooting medium.

43
Q

When performing the snap test for semi hardwood cuttings, describe a stem that does not have enough stored carbohydrates to route easily.

A

If the stem does not snap and break when it is bent it is still too young.

44
Q

Describe taking a semi hardwood cutting.

A

Stem tips 3 to 6 inches long are taken from the current seasons growth just as it matures. Cut the stem just below a node. Remove any foliage that will be under the routing medium. Treat with a fungicide. Allow to drain. Greet with a routine compound.

45
Q

How are herbaceous foliage plants treated differently with regard to asexual propagation via semi hardwood cuttings?

A

The process of removing the foliage, treated with a fungicide and treating with a rooting compound is not necessary for routine and may, in fact, burn the plant.

46
Q

Describe the placement of a semi hardwood cutting into the medium.

A

Place the basil portion of the cutting in the medium with one or two nose covered but avoid putting the cutting too deep as the bottom of the container will stay wetter than the upper portion, causing it to rot.

47
Q

One must do this to semi hardwood cuttings despite them being placed under the mist.

A

Water the cutting

48
Q

Describe the process of asexual reproduction by stem cutting.

A

A segment of the stem including one or more nose is laid horizontally on the routing medium. Issue or form from one of the birds, and roots or form on the base of the new shoot.

49
Q

What method of propagation can be used from leafless, fleshy stem segments?

A

Stem cutting

50
Q

Tim curry is especially good for plants that do this.

A

Drop their lower leaves

51
Q

Whether propagating via grafting or budding, successful take depends on this.

A

Matching the cambium layers of the stock and the scion as closely as possible.

52
Q

The appearance of this is a good sign that indicates cellular activity is continuing in the region of the wound, with regard to grafting and budding.

A

A brown line of necrotic tissue forming where damaged cells die.

53
Q

Once the graft heals well that should be done.

A

The part of the stock above a bird or a single graft should also be removed so the new top will only be from the scion.

Horticulture (2 decks)

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