Chapter 5: Principles of Bonding

Question 1

To connect or fasten. Items are jointed together at the surface in three main ways: by mechanical adhesion (physical interlocking), by chemical adhesion, or by a combination of the two

Answer 1

Bond or bonding

Question 2

The act of sticking two things together. In dentistry the term is used frequently to describe the bonding or cementation process. Chemical adhesion occurs when atoms or molecules of dissimilar substances bond together.

Answer 2

Adhesion

Question 3

Terms used interchangeably to describe the process of preparing the surface of a tooth or restoration for bonding. The most common material is phosphoric acid.

Answer 3

Etching or Conditioning

Question 4

A low-viscosity resin applied as the first layer to penetrate etched surfaces to enhance bonding.

Answer 4

Primer

Question 5

A reaction that links low molecular weight resin molecules (monomers) together into high molecular weight chains (polymers) that harden or set. The reaction can be initiated by strictly a chemical reaction (self-cure), by light in the blue wave spectrum (light-cure), by a combination of the two (dual-care), or by heat.

Answer 5

Cure or Polymerize

Question 6

Ability of a liquid to wet or intimately contact a solid surface. Water beading on a waxed car is a bad example of this.

Answer 6

Wetting

Question 7

Bonding to dentin that is kept moist after acid etching to facilitate penetration of bonding resins into etched dentin

Answer 7

Wet Dentin Bonding

Question 8

A tenacious surface layer of debris resulting from cutting the tooth during cavity preparation. It is composed mostly of fine particles of cut tooth surface.

Answer 8

Smear Layer

Question 9

A low-viscosity resin that penetrates porosities and irregularities in the surface of the tooth or restoration created by acid etching for the purpose of facilitating bonding.

Answer 9

Bonding Agent

Question 10

An attribute that allows a material to tolerate the presence of moisture.

Answer 10

Hydrophilic

Question 11

An attribute that does not allow a material to tolerate or perform well in the presence of moisture

Answer 11

Hydrophobic

Question 12

A bonding system that includes etching of both enamel and dentin as a separate step from the application of bonding agents

Answer 12

Total-Etch Bonding System

Question 13

A bonding system that does not use a separate etching procedure with phosphoric acid. The acid is contained in the resin primer and no rinsing is needed.

Answer 13

Self-Etch Bonding System

Question 14

A resin-dentin layer formed by intermixing of the dentin bonding agent with collagen fibrils exposed by acid etching and the etched dentin surface. It serves as an excellent resin-rich layer onto which the restorative material, such as composite resin, can be bonded.

Answer 14

Hybrid Layer

Question 15

A layer of unset resin on the surface of a polymerized resin that is prevented from curing by contact with oxygen in the air.

Answer 15

Oxygen-Inhibited Layer

Question 16

Leakage of fluid and bacteria that occurs at the interface of the tooth and the restoration margins and is caused by microscopic gaps

Answer 16

Microleakage

Question 17

Movement of fluid into and out of the microscopic gap of the restoration margin as a result of differences in expansion and contraction rates of the tooth and the restoration with temperature changes.

Answer 17

Percolation

Question 18

Contact with a substance that interferes with bonding or lessens the chemical or mechanical properties.

Answer 18

Contamination

Question 19

Theory that explains how pain is caused by movement of pulpal fluid in open (unsealed) dentinal tubules. Actions that cause a change in the pressure on the fluid within the dentinal tubules stimulate a pain response from nerve fibers in the odontoblastic processes that extend into the dentinal tubules from the pulp.

Answer 19

Hydrodynamic Theory of Tooth Sensitivity