Chapter 5: Plant nutrition Flashcards

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1
Q

Formula for photosynthesis

A

6CO2 + 2H2O —–> C6H1206 + 6O2

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2
Q

What is Photosynthesis

A

The fundamental process by which plants manufacture carbohydrates (sugars) from raw materials using energy from sunlight.

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3
Q

Key requirements for photosynthesis

A

Carbon dioxide (CO2) is absorbed from the atmosphere through stomata (tiny pores) in leaves.
Water (H2O) is absorbed from the soil through the roots.
Light energy is captured by chlorophyll, a pigment present in chloroplasts within plant cells.

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4
Q

Products after Photosynthesis

A

Glucose (a simple sugar) and oxygen (O2) are released as a gas.

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5
Q

Importance of Photosynthesis

A

Provides the primary source of energy for plants (glucose used for cellular respiration).
Supports the production of other organic molecules needed for growth and development.
Oxygen released during photosynthesis is essential for respiration in plants and animals.

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6
Q

Factors Affecting Photosynthesis

A

Light intensity, Carbon dioxide concentration, Temperature and Water availability

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7
Q

Light intensity

A

Increased light intensity generally increases the rate of photosynthesis up to a point, beyond which it may damage the photosynthetic apparatus.

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8
Q

Carbon dioxide concentration

A

Higher CO2 concentration can enhance photosynthesis up to an optimal level.

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9
Q

Temperature

A

The optimal temperature range for photosynthesis varies depending on the plant species. Extreme temperatures can disrupt the process.

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10
Q

Water availability

A

Water is essential for various aspects of plant function, including photosynthesis. Drought stress can significantly reduce photosynthetic activity.

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11
Q

Mineral Nutrients for photosynthesis

A

Plants also require mineral nutrients from the soil for proper growth and development. These are absorbed by the roots in the form of dissolved ions.
Essential elements and Deficiency symptoms

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12
Q

Essential elements for photosynthesis

A

Some key elements needed by plants include nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), and calcium (Ca).

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13
Q

Deficiency symptoms

A

Lack of specific mineral nutrients can lead to visible deficiencies in plants, affecting growth, leaf colour, and overall health.

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14
Q

Importance of Plant Nutrition

A

Understanding plant nutrition is crucial for various fields, including agriculture, horticulture, and environmental science.
Proper management of soil nutrients and environmental factors can optimize plant growth and crop yield.

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15
Q

Describe the significance of the features of a leaf in terms of functions, including:
– palisade mesophyll and distribution of chloroplasts
– photosynthesis
– stomata, spongy mesophyll cells and guard cells

A

Palisade Mesophyll & Chloroplasts: These densely packed cells in the upper layer contain abundant chloroplasts, maximizing sunlight capture for photosynthesis.

Stomata, Spongy Mesophyll & Guard Cells: Tiny pores (stomata) controlled by guard cells allow CO2 intake for photosynthesis. Spongy mesophyll cells with air spaces facilitate gas diffusion (CO2 in, O2 out).

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16
Q

Describe the significance of the features of a leaf in terms of functions, including:
– xylem for transport and support
– phloem for transport

A

Xylem: This vascular tissue transports water and minerals from the roots to the leaves, providing essential materials for photosynthesis and support.

Phloem: This vascular tissue transports sugars produced by photosynthesis from the leaves to other parts of the plant for energy and growth.

17
Q

Describe the importance of:
– nitrate ions
– magnesium ions

A

Nitrate Ions (NO3-) for Making Amino Acids.
Magnesium Ions (Mg²⁺) for Making Chlorophyll

18
Q

Explain the effects of nitrate ion and magnesium ion deficiency on plant growth

A

The lack of nitrate and magnesium ions can lead to a domino effect, ultimately hindering plant growth, development, and overall health.

19
Q

Nitrate Ion (NO3-) Deficiency; Impact

A

Stunted growth, yellowing leaves and the overall weakness is Limited protein synthesis weaken the plant’s overall structure and function. It may be more susceptible to pests and diseases.

20
Q

Magnesium Ion (Mg²⁺) Deficiency; Impact

A

Disrupted photosynthesis, Reduced energy production and Interveinal chlorosis.