Chapter 2: Cells

Question 1

Cell Theory

Answer 1

All living things are made up of cells.
The cell is the basic unit of life.
New cells arise from existing cells.

Question 2

Two Main Cell Types and Their Explanation with Examples.

Answer 2

Prokaryotic Cells: Simpler cells, lacking a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. Examples include bacteria and archaea.
Eukaryotic Cells: More complex cells with a distinct nucleus and various membrane-bound organelles for specialized functions. Examples include animal cells and plant cells.

Question 3

Main Components of a Eukaryotic Cell

Answer 3

Cell Membrane, Cytoplasm, Nucleus, Endoplasmic Reticulum, Ribosomes, Golgi Apparatus, Mitochondria, Lysosomes, Vacuoles and Cytoskeleton.

Question 4

Cell Membrane

Answer 4

Controls what enters and leaves the cell.

Question 5

Cytoplasm

Answer 5

A jelly-like substance containing the cell’s organelles and other structures.

Question 6

Nucleus

Answer 6

Contains the genetic material (DNA) that controls the cell’s activities.

Question 7

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 7

Network of membranes involved in protein synthesis, transport, and lipid production.

Question 8

Ribosomes

Answer 8

Sites of protein synthesis.

Question 9

Golgi Apparatus

Answer 9

Packages and modifies proteins and other materials for transport within or out of the cell.

Question 10

Mitochondria

Answer 10

Packages and modifies proteins and other materials for transport within or out of the cell.

Question 11

Lysosomes

Answer 11

Sac-like structures contain enzymes that break down waste materials and worn-out cell parts.

Question 12

Vacuoles

Answer 12

Sac-like structures for storage, waste disposal, or containing fluid in plant cells. (Absent in animal cells).

Question 13

Cytoskeleton

Answer 13

Provides structure and support for the cell.

Question 14

Relate the structure of the following to their functions:
– ciliated cells
– root hair cells
– palisade mesophyll cells
– red blood cells
– sperm and egg cells

Answer 14

– ciliated cells – movement of mucus in the trachea and bronchi
– root hair cells – absorption
– palisade mesophyll cells – photosynthesis
– red blood cells – transport of oxygen
– sperm and egg cells – fuse to form a Zygote (reproduction)

Question 15

The formula for the magnification

Answer 15

Magnification = Image Size (mm) / Actual Size (mm)

Question 16

You are looking at a paramecium under a microscope.
The image of the paramecium on the slide measures 2 mm using the ruler on the eyepiece.
The actual size of the paramecium is 0.12mm.
Calculate the magnification.

Answer 16

Magnification = Image Size (mm) / Actual Size (mm)

Magnification = 2 mm / 0.12 mm

Magnification = 16.67 (rounded to two decimal places)