Chapter 5: Photosynthesis and Cellular respiration

Question 1

What is photosynthesis?

Answer 1

Photosynthesis is the conversion of the suns energy through plants using the chlorophyll in the chloroplasts

Question 2

What is the chloroplasts?

Answer 2

• The chloroplast is where photosynthesis is carried out in plants
• Contains 2 membranes
• In between both membranes is the inter membrane space
• Inside the membrane is called the stroma
• Contains stacks called thylakoids, created in structures known as grana
• The stroma contains proteins and chemicals for photosynthesis

Question 3

What is the mitochondria

Answer 3

• The site of cellular respiration
• Contains inner and outer membranes
• Contains fluid called the matrix

Question 4

What is the matrix?

Answer 4

A fluid inside of the mitochondria that contains many chemicals and proteins required to break down carbohydrates

Question 5

What Are Metabolic Pathways?

Answer 5

The chemical equations that re[resent both photosynthesis and cellular respiration

Question 6

What is a catabolic enzyme?

Answer 6

An enzyme that breaks down large molecules into smaller pieces

Question 6

What is an anabolic enzyme?

Answer 6

A substance that creates larger molecules from smaller unites Ex. Anabolic steroids

Question 7

Oxidation

Answer 7

When an atom or molecule loses electrons

Question 8

Reduction

Answer 8

The process in which an atom or molecule gains an electron

Question 9

Chlorophyll A

Answer 9

Plays a direct role in finding and obtaining the best types of wavelengths for photosynthesis

Question 10

Chlorophyll B

Answer 10

Absorbs a similar spectrum of wavelengths to chlorophyll A but in lower amounts

Question 11

Photosystems

Answer 11

• Located inside of the thylakoid in the chloroplast
• organized by proteins and smaller organic molecules

Question 11

Carotenoids

Answer 11

Broadens the spectrum and passes the energy received by chlorophyll A

Question 12

Light dependant reactions

Answer 12

• occurs at daytime
• Occurs in the thylakoids
• Uses light to create ATP and NADPH

Question 13

Light independant reactions

Answer 13

• Occurs day and night
• Occurs at the stroma in the chloroplast
• Eventually creates glucose

Question 14

Chemiosmosis

Answer 14

• The movement across a semi permeable membrane Ex. The movement of hydrogen ions during the process formation for ATP
• Occurs when the energy of electrons is used to push hydrogen ions against the concentration gradient into the thylakoid space

Question 15

Materials for light independent reactions

Answer 15

• CO2
• NADPH and ATP
• Raw Organic Compounds

Question 15

The Calvin - Benson Cycle

Answer 15

• Occurs when CO2 enters the plant and leaves as sugar
• The actual product is a 3 carbon sugar called PGAL

Question 16

What are the costs for the Calvin Cycle per CO2?

Answer 16

ATP: 3
NADPH: 2

Question 17

Aerobic Cellular Respiration

Answer 17

Carried out by organisms that live in an Oxic (Oxygen containing) environments

Question 18

Anaerobic Cellular Respiration

Answer 18

Carried out by organisms that live in anoxic (non-oxygen containing) environments

Question 19

Cellular Respiration

Answer 19

A process in which organisms use oxygen to break down food molecules in order to turn it into chemical energy for cell functions

Question 20

Fermentation

Answer 20

A modified form of anaerobic cellular respiration