Chapter 5: Pervasive Systems Flashcards
What is the motivation behind pervasive systems?
- Context-awareness can help to build smart apps
- Embedded devices contribute to natural use of computing capabilities
- Pervasive systems is more than a single device its a set of devices that cooperate with each other
What are the characteristics of a pervasive system?
- spatially limited area
- set of devices
- functionality through pervasive applications
Major challenge: Coordination of applications and their interfaces via context model
What are the characteristics of a pervasive application?
- Distributed applications
- make use of currently available resources (of devices)
- Context interactive
- context-aware (app depends on certain context)
- context-altering (app influences a certain context)
What kind of system architecture models exist for pervasive systems?
- Smart Environments (Gaia)
- Smart Peer Groups (3PC)
What is the difference between a Smart Environment and Smart Peer Group?
Smar Environment (Centralized):
- Needs a fixed infrastructure (controls everything, provides services)
- mobile devices communicate via pervasive system controller
Smart Peer Group (Decentrelized):
- Mobile devices, no infrastructure (Self-organization)
- Connection between each mobile device
- Devices discover services in smart peer group
What is the Gaia concept?
- They provide a new abstraction via a Meta-Operating System (Middle-ware)
- Pervasive applications are executed on top of the different platforms (on the meta-operating system)
- Different platforms are: Wearables, Smartphone, Pc,..)
How does Gaia leverage active spaces?
- Active spaces combines physical space (devices and network) and technical space (context, SW infrastructure)
- Pervasive applications can use the resources of the active space for their computations
How does the Gaia Architecture look like?
- Active Space Applications
- Application Framework (abstraction to develop active space applications)
- Core of the architecture is the Gaia Kernel (handles the communication between all resources in the active space)
Explain the 3PC (Peer to Peer Pervasive Computing) System.
- It is a software stack with three layers
- COMITY: Coordinate apps in physical environment
- PCOM: Adapt single application (via interfaces to make them conform with other applications)
- BASE: establish smart peer group (Middleware Platform: to discover other devices, offer adaptive communication)
What are three keywords that describe Ubiquitous computing?
- Helpful
- Invisible
- Unconscious
What pervasive system do we have right now?
- Internet of Things (Embedded System)
But IoT != Pervasive System
- Technically the same but:
- Pervasive computing: Centered to humans
- IoT: Is not centered to humans
What are the current challenges of pervasive systems?
- Energy Efficiency
- Interoperability
- Human Computer Interaction
- Business Models
- Security & Privacy
What is the challenge of energy efficiency?
- Battery life of mobile devices is a big concern,
- Growing number of sensor / asynchronous networking
Two approaches:
- Power Management
- Power Harvesting (like solar panels)
What is the challenge of interoperability?
Pervasive computing needs a middleware to support interaction of different devices in an open setting
What is the challenge of Human Computer Interaction?
- Measure user distraction and stress
- Infer intention (proactive)
- Put user at the center
- Ethical issues (autonomy and self-determination, responsibility)
