Chapter 5 - Perceptual and Motor Development Flashcards
True or False: Babies can differentiate the mother’s scent from other scents
True: Doing this forms a bond with the primary caregiver
What is habituation?
Habituation is when you pay less attention as something becomes familiar. It is the automatic decrease in the intensity of a response after a repeated stimulus.
What is the auditory threshold?
The auditory threshold is the quietest sound a person can hear - the lowest volume sound
Hearing is developed at ___ months prenatally
5
True or False: Babies are able to hear the full range of sounds that any human being can make.
True
What is visual acuity?
Visual acuity is the smallest pattern that can be dependently distinguished. It is also called the sharpness of vision - how well we can see something.
By ___ months, an infant’s visual acuity is the same as an adult’s
6
What are cones?
Cones are structures in the retina (the back) of the eye, and they detect colour
What happens at 3-4 months for infant’s colour perception?
By 3-4 months, an infant’s colour perception is like an adult’s colour perception.
The visual field develops very _____
rapidly
What are the different cues used to infer depth?
Kinetic cues, visual expansion, motion parallax, retinal disparity, and pictorial cues
Why is depth perception important in vision?
Depth perception is important in vision because it allows knowing where something in our visual field is
The ability to perceive colour is ______ because everyone in the world can see colour.
genetic
What is shape constancy?
Shape constancy refers to the phenomenon in which the percept of the shape of a given object remains constant despite changes in the shape of the object’s retinal image.
What is attention?
Attention is the selection of information that will be processed further
ADHD occurs more often in ____ than in _____ with a __:__ ratio
boys; girls, 4:1
What are the three key symptoms of ADHD?
Hyperactivity, Inattention, and Impulsivity
What role does heredity play in ADHD?
Heredity is an important factor. There are strong correlations between certain genes that encode for a protein that allows dopamine to stay in the synapse.
In terms of how ADHD affects the brain, what is the role of the prefrontal cortex?
The prefrontal cortex is responsible for organization, cognitive flexibility, self-control and maintaing attention
In terms of how ADHD affects the brain, what is the role of the basal ganglia?
The basal ganglia helps regulate communication within the brain. Its responsible for motor control, facilitating movement, and inhibiting competing movements.
In terms of how ADHD affects the brain, what is the role of the reticular activating system?
It is the major relay system among the many pathways that enter and leave the brain that is responsible for arousal and consciousness. A deficiency in this region can cause inattention, impulsivity, or hyperactivity
In terms of how ADHD affects the brain, what is the role of the limbic system?
The limbic system is responsible for regulating emotions. A deficiency in this region might result in restlessness, inattention, or emotional volatility.
People with ADHD tend to have thinner ________ _______, which contributes to inattention and lack of impulse control.
prefrontal cortexes
What is the dynamic systems theory?
In this theory, motor development involves many distinct skills that are developing in a dynamic way, changing across time. It requires posture, balance, stepping, and processing environmental cues.
Motor development takes place during _______ ______.
critical periods.
