Chapter 5 - Perceptual and Motor Development

Question 1

True or False: Babies can differentiate the mother’s scent from other scents

Answer 1

True: Doing this forms a bond with the primary caregiver

Question 2

What is habituation?

Answer 2

Habituation is when you pay less attention as something becomes familiar. It is the automatic decrease in the intensity of a response after a repeated stimulus.

Question 3

What is the auditory threshold?

Answer 3

The auditory threshold is the quietest sound a person can hear - the lowest volume sound

Question 4

Hearing is developed at ___ months prenatally

Answer 4

5

Question 5

True or False: Babies are able to hear the full range of sounds that any human being can make.

Answer 5

True

Question 6

What is visual acuity?

Answer 6

Visual acuity is the smallest pattern that can be dependently distinguished. It is also called the sharpness of vision - how well we can see something.

Question 7

By ___ months, an infant’s visual acuity is the same as an adult’s

Answer 7

6

Question 8

What are cones?

Answer 8

Cones are structures in the retina (the back) of the eye, and they detect colour

Question 9

What happens at 3-4 months for infant’s colour perception?

Answer 9

By 3-4 months, an infant’s colour perception is like an adult’s colour perception.

Question 10

The visual field develops very _____

Answer 10

rapidly

Question 11

What are the different cues used to infer depth?

Answer 11

Kinetic cues, visual expansion, motion parallax, retinal disparity, and pictorial cues

Question 12

Why is depth perception important in vision?

Answer 12

Depth perception is important in vision because it allows knowing where something in our visual field is

Question 13

The ability to perceive colour is ______ because everyone in the world can see colour.

Answer 13

genetic

Question 14

What is shape constancy?

Answer 14

Shape constancy refers to the phenomenon in which the percept of the shape of a given object remains constant despite changes in the shape of the object’s retinal image.

Question 15

What is attention?

Answer 15

Attention is the selection of information that will be processed further

Question 16

ADHD occurs more often in ____ than in _____ with a __:__ ratio

Answer 16

boys; girls, 4:1

Question 17

What are the three key symptoms of ADHD?

Answer 17

Hyperactivity, Inattention, and Impulsivity

Question 18

What role does heredity play in ADHD?

Answer 18

Heredity is an important factor. There are strong correlations between certain genes that encode for a protein that allows dopamine to stay in the synapse.

Question 19

In terms of how ADHD affects the brain, what is the role of the prefrontal cortex?

Answer 19

The prefrontal cortex is responsible for organization, cognitive flexibility, self-control and maintaing attention

Question 20

In terms of how ADHD affects the brain, what is the role of the basal ganglia?

Answer 20

The basal ganglia helps regulate communication within the brain. Its responsible for motor control, facilitating movement, and inhibiting competing movements.

Question 21

In terms of how ADHD affects the brain, what is the role of the reticular activating system?

Answer 21

It is the major relay system among the many pathways that enter and leave the brain that is responsible for arousal and consciousness. A deficiency in this region can cause inattention, impulsivity, or hyperactivity

Question 22

In terms of how ADHD affects the brain, what is the role of the limbic system?

Answer 22

The limbic system is responsible for regulating emotions. A deficiency in this region might result in restlessness, inattention, or emotional volatility.

Question 23

People with ADHD tend to have thinner ________ _______, which contributes to inattention and lack of impulse control.

Answer 23

prefrontal cortexes

Question 24

What is the dynamic systems theory?

Answer 24

In this theory, motor development involves many distinct skills that are developing in a dynamic way, changing across time. It requires posture, balance, stepping, and processing environmental cues.

Question 25

Motor development takes place during _______ ______.

Answer 25

critical periods.