Chapter 5 - Obtaining Energy Flashcards
Food for a heterotroph?
Organic matter (eg. plants, animals).
Food for a autotroph?
Light energy converted into chemical energy.
Do all cells of a plant carry out photosynthesis?
No, only chloroplast cells are able to convert sunlight into chemical energy.
Define a heterotroph.
Being that obtains energy for living and the material for building and repairing their structure from organic matter in their surroundings.
Define an autotroph.
Being such as plants and algae, just soak up sunlight to gain the energy they need for living and building their organic matter from simple inorganic matter taken up from their surroundings.
What are the inputs of photosynthesis?
Carbon dioxide, sunlight and water.
What are the outputs of photosynthesis?
Oxygen and glucose.
What form of carbohydrate is typically stored in a plant?
Starch.
Why was the introduction of sugar to Europe a significant event in nutritional history?
People’s teeth began to decay because of the high quantities of sugar in their diets.
How does the SA:V ratio of food after mechanical breakdown compare to the SA:V ratio of unchewed pieces of the same food?
As the food is broken down into smaller and smaller pieces the volume remains the same but the surface area expands, making the food more accessable to enzymes.
Teeth of a carnivore?
They have well developed canine teeth for tearing meat from bone.
Teeth of a herbivore?
They have incisor teeth that enable them to clip grass or any other vegetation they ingest and many molars to grind it up.
Teeth of an omnivore?
They have many different types of teeth, appropriate for a varied diet.
What is digestion?
The chemical process of breaking down large organic molecules to a size that can be absorbed.
Why is digestion necessary in most animals?
Because we cannot digest whole pieces of food so they must be broken down before we can absorb the nutrients.
