Chapter 5 - Motor and Perceptual Development

Question 1

What are sensory and perceptual processes?

Answer 1

The means by which people receive, select, modify, and organize stimulation from the world

Question 2

What is visual acuity?

Answer 2

The smallest pattern that can be distinguished dependably

Question 3

What is a reflex?

Answer 3

An inborn, automatic response to a particular form of stimulation

Question 4

What is a rooting reflex?

Answer 4

Stroking a baby’s cheek causes the baby to turn toward the source of the stimulation

Question 5

What is a palmer grasp?

Answer 5

Placing a finger in the baby’s palm causes the baby to grasp onto the finger

Question 6

What is the stepping reflex?

Answer 6

Holding a baby so their feet are on a surface that causes the baby to step as if they’re walking
- Related to walking to prepare them for when they have the strength and motor ability to walk

Question 7

What is the babinski reflex?

Answer 7

Stroking the bottom of a baby’s foot causes the toes to spread out and the foot to flex
- Also thought to be related to walking or at least balance

Question 8

What is the moro reflex?

Answer 8

When startled or when dropped slightly, the infant extends their legs, opens their arms, and then brings them back in

Question 9

Gross and fine motor development: 1-3 months

Answer 9

• Stepping reflex; lifts head
• Palmer grasp; pre-reaching

Question 10

Gross and fine motor development: 4-6 months

Answer 10

• Rolls over; creeps
• Ulnar grasp

Question 11

Gross and fine motor development: 7-9 months

Answer 11

• Sits; crawls; pulls self up
• Object transfer; pincer grasp; patty cake

Question 12

Gross and fine motor development: 10-12 months

Answer 12

• Stands; cruises; walks
• Can start using utensils

Question 13

Gross and fine motor development: 13-18 months

Answer 13

• Walks well; begins to run
• Stacking blocks

Question 14

Gross and fine motor development: 19-84 months

Answer 14

• Runs; jumps; climbs stairs
• Picks up and uses small objects

Question 15

What is habituation?

Answer 15

When a novel stimulus is presented, babies pay much attention, but they pay less attention as it becomes more familiar

Question 16

What is the preference technique?

Answer 16

Infants are shown two stimuli and preference is measured by how long they view each stimulus

Question 17

In terms of faces, what do 1 month old’s look at?

Answer 17

Outer shape and edges of the face and not much on the eyes

Question 18

In terms of faces, what do 2 month old’s look at?

Answer 18

The eyes and details of the dace in addition to some of the edges because their visual system is more developed

Question 19

What is intersensory integration?

Answer 19

The combining of information from two or more senses to make a perceptual whole

Question 20

What is cross-modal transfer?

Answer 20

The ability to transfer information gained through one sense to another sense at a later time

Question 21

What is perceptual constancy?

Answer 21

The ability to perceive features of an object as constant, even when the perceptual input changes (such as angle of view, amount of light, etc.)

Question 22

What are some categories of perceptual constancies?

Answer 22

• Size
• Shape
• Colour
• Depth

Question 23

What did Elizabeth Spelke and Renee Baillargeon study?

Answer 23

Properties of objects
- Movement of objects
- Solid vs. non-solid objects
- Balance of objects, need for support

Question 24

What is object permanence?

Answer 24

The knowledge that objects continue to exist even when you can’t see them