Chapter 5: Motivation, Emotion, and Stress Flashcards
What are the 3 elements of emotion?
- physiological response
- behavioral response
- cognitive response
What are the 7 universal emotions accepted by most psychologists and sociologists?
- Happiness
- Sadness
- Contemp
- Surprise
- Fear
- Disgust
- Anger
True or False:
Emotions are thought to be evolutionary adaptations due to situations encountered over the evolutionary history of the human species that guide sensory processing, physiological response, and behavior.
True
What is the James-Lang Theory of Emotion? Also, give an example.
- James-Lang Theory of Emotion -> According to the theory, a stimulus results first in physiological arousal, which leads to a secondary response in which the emotion is labeled.
- E.g., a car cutting you off on the highway
- stimulus for elevated heart rate and blood pressure, increased skin temperature, and dry mouth.
- these physiological responses result in the cognitive labeling of anger
- stimulus for elevated heart rate and blood pressure, increased skin temperature, and dry mouth.
What is the Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion? Also, give an example.
- hypothesized that physiological arousal and feeling an emotion occur at the same time, not in sequence (like James-Lang Theory of Emotion)
- Theory states that the cognitive and physiological components of emotion occur simultaneously and result in the behavioral component of emotion, or action: I am afraid because I see a snake and my heart is racing…Let me out of here!
What is the Schachter-Singer Theory of Emotion? Also, give an example.
- States that both arousal and the labeling of arousal based on environment must occur in order for an emotion to be experienced: I am excited because my heart is racing and everyone else is happy.
- What is unique is this aspect of cognitive appraisal: to feel an emotion, one must consciously analyze the environment in relation to nervous system arousal.
What is the first and second response to a stimulus according to the James-Lange Theory of Emotion?
- First Response -> nervous sytem arousal
- Second Response -> conscious emotion
What is the first and second response to stimulus according to the Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion?
- First Response -> nervous system arousal and conscious emotion
- Second Response -> action
What is the first and second response to a stimulus according to the Schachter-Singer Theory of Emotion?
- First Response -> nervous system arousal and cognitive appraisal
- Second Response -> conscious emotion
In Cognitive Appraisal of Stress there are two stages, primary appraisal and secondary appraisal. What is the primary appraisal stage?
Primary appraisal stage is the initial evaluation of the environment and the associated threat.
- This appraisal can be identified as irrelevant, benign-positive, or stressful.
- If primary appraisal reveals a threat, stage 2 (secondary) appraisal begins.
In Cognitive Appraisal of Stress there are two stages, primary appraisal and secondary appraisal. What is the secondary appraisal stage?
Secondary appraisal stage is directed at evaluating whether the organism can cope with the stress.
- This appraisal involves the evaluation of three things:
- harm, or damaged caused by the event
- threat, or the potential for future damage caused by the event
- challenge, or the potential to overcome and possible benefit from the event
True or False:
Stressors are classified as either causing distress or causing eustress.
True
When does distress occur, and eustress occur?
Distress occurs when experiencing unpleasant stressors, where as eustress is a result of positive conditions.
True or False:
The limbic system is not the primary nervous system component involved in experiencing emotion.
False - the limbic system IS the primary nervous system component involved in experiencing emoton.
What is the definition of a stressor?
- A stressor is anything that leads to a stress response and can include environment, daily events, workplace or academic settings, social expectations, chemicals, and biological stressors.
- Psychological stressors include pressure, control, predictability, frustration, and conflict.
