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Physical Science > Chapter 5 Module 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Module 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Material that is capable of recovering its shape after a force deforms it is called

A

Elastic

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2
Q

The amount of stretching or compression of a spring is

A

Directly related to the force applied to it

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3
Q

A vibration is a

A

Back and forth motion that repeats itself

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4
Q

The equilibrium position is where a spring is

A

At rest and not applying a force attached

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5
Q

A vibrating mass and spring system will eventually come to a stop as a result of air resistance and internal

A

Friction

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6
Q

A material is elastic if it

A

Can recover its shape after a force deforms it

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7
Q

The extent a spring will compress or stretch is directly related to the

A

Force or pressure applied to it

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8
Q

If a mass is attached to a spring but the spring is not applying a force to the mass, then the spring is in its

A

Equilibrium position

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9
Q

Frequency

A

The number of cycles per second

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10
Q

Period

A

The number of seconds per cycles

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11
Q

Amplitude

A

The largest displacement from the equilibrium position

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12
Q

A mass attached to a spring is moving back and forth; the spring and mass are vibrating. What two factors will cause the motion to eventually stop?

A

Air resistance
Internal friction

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13
Q

A cycle is

A

One complete vibration

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14
Q

The unit of measurement for frequency is the

A

Hertz

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15
Q

A complete vibration occurs with a motion away from a point, to the other side of the equilibrium position, and back again to the starting point; this complete vibration is called a

A

Cycle

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16
Q

The equation for determining period (T) is

A

T=1/f

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17
Q

Mechanical waves are

A

Traveling vibrations in a medium

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18
Q

The hertz (Hz) is a measurement of __________, and one hertz is expressed in units of 1/s

A

Frequency

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19
Q

Longitudinal waves cause vibrations to occur in

A

A direction parallel to their own movement

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20
Q

The equation for determining frequency (f) is

A

F=1/T

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21
Q

A wave that causes a disturbance perpendicular to the direction of its travel is a

A

Transverse wave

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22
Q

Traveling vibrations in a medium are better known as

A

Waves

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23
Q

A medium without interaction, or attachments, between particles cannot transmit

A

Transverse or shear waves

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24
Q

A disturbance that causes particles to move closer together or farther apart in the same direction that the wave is moving is a

A

Longitudinal wave

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25
Q

Sound waves in air must be ___________ waves since air movements are not attached to their neighboring molecules

A

Longitudinal

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26
Q

A transverse wave cause a disturbance

A

Perpendicular to the direction of its travel

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27
Q

Wavelengths are measured in _________ and denoted by the Greek letter λ

A

Meters

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28
Q

The frequency of a wave can be determined by

A

Counting how many wave crests pass by a given point in a unit of time

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29
Q

Transverse and longitudinal waves require a medium for travel. The nature of the medium controls the type of waves it can transmit. The key characteristic of the medium is

A

If there is some interaction, or attachment, between the molecules in the medium

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30
Q

Wavelength

A

The distance between two identical points on adjacent waves

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31
Q

The amount of time for a wave to repeat itself

A

Period

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32
Q

Rest position

A

The place any undisturbed molecules would be located

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33
Q

Sound is transmitted in air as longitudinal waves because

A

Air molecules are not attached to one another and therefore cannot transmit transverse waves

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34
Q

The equation for velocity of a wave is

A

v= λf

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35
Q

The symbol for wavelength is

A

λ

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36
Q

Less than 20 Hz

A

Infrasonic

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37
Q

Between 20 and 20,000 Hz

A

Audible

38
Q

Over 20,000 Hz

A

Ultrasonic

39
Q

Counting the number of wave troughs that pass you in a given amount of time will give you the ______ of the wave

A

Frequency

40
Q

True or False: Mammals (humans, dolphins, dogs, bats) all can hear in the same range of frequencies

A

False

41
Q

The maximum disturbance from the undisturbed (rest) position

A

Wave crest

42
Q

The maximum disturbance in the opposite direction from the rest position

A

Wave trough

43
Q

The maximum displacement from the rest position

A

Amplitude

44
Q

Tiny hairs in your inner ear respond to the _________ of the vibrations passed to them via three tiny bones in the middle ear. These bones respond to the vibrations occurring in the _________.

A

Frequencies; eardrum

45
Q

The product of wavelength and frequency is a wave’s

A

Velocity

46
Q

Sound waves do not travel in outer space because

A

Space is a vacuum, and thus there is no medium that can carry the disturbance

47
Q

A substances’s ability to transmit sound waves is determined by the strength of the interaction between the ________ in a medium and their inertia

A

Molecules

48
Q

Which of the following statements is true in regard to hearing within the animal kingdom?

A

Many nonhuman animals can hear sounds outside of the ranges that humans can hear

49
Q

True or False: In air, light waves travel faster than sound waves

A

True

50
Q

Human hearing works by converting the pulses of increasing and decreasing pressure as recorded in the ear into

A

Signals sent to the brain by nerves; these signals are interpreted as frequencies of sound with a certain pitch

51
Q

What temperature of air will transmit sound waves the fastest

A

40 degrees Celsius

52
Q

True statements of spherical waves

A

Small sections of spherical waves can be considered linear waves at some distance from the source; wave fronts are the same part of each wave in a spherical wave

53
Q

Sound waves require a medium in which to be transmitted. This explains why sounds do not travel in

A

Outer space

54
Q

When waves encounter different conditions, such as changes in temperatures, humidity, or nature of the material, a division referred to as a __________ occurs

A

Boundary

55
Q

What two factors determine how well a substance can carry a sound wave

A

The strength of the interaction between molecules; the inertia of molecules

56
Q

Refraction is the

A

Bending of a wave front

57
Q

Sound waves are ________ than light waves

A

Slower

58
Q

What can happen when a sound wave front strikes a boundary that is parallel to it?

A

Transmission
Absorption
Reflection

59
Q

An increase in air temperature will __________ the speed at which sound can be transmitted through it

A

Increase

60
Q

Different materials absorb and reflect sound waves

A

At different ratios of absorption and reflection

61
Q

At a great enough distance from a source, a small part of a ________ wave can be considered a _________ wave front

A

Spherical; linear

62
Q

Reverberation of sound waves involves

A

The mixing of reflected and original waves

63
Q

Boundaries are the divisions between two physical conditions. Boundaries normally result between different materials or between

A

The same material with different conditions

64
Q

The bending of a wave front is called

A

Refraction

65
Q

A sound that has been reflected and can be distinguished from the original sound is called an

A

Echo

66
Q

Sound wave fronts striking a parallel boundary may be _________, reflected, or __________

A

Absorbed; transmitted

67
Q

Sonar is used to determine the distance to a reflective surface. The distance can be determined since the ___________ of sound waves in water is known, and the _________ it takes for the waves to return can be measured

A

Velocity; time

68
Q

If two waves meet and are in phase, the result is ___________ interference; if two waves meet and are out of phase, the result is _________ interference

A

Constructive; destructive

69
Q

The mixing of reflected sounds with the original sound waves is called

A

Reverberation

70
Q

When two waves meet, the amplitude of the new wave is the

A

Algebraic sum of the amplitude of the two separate wave patterns

71
Q

A measure of the energy a sound wave is carrying is its

A

Intensity

72
Q

An echo is a reflected sound that can be

A

Distinguished from the original sound

73
Q

Loudness, the subject’s interpretation of sound, is related to the

A

Distance between you and the vibrating source
Energy of the vibrating object
Condition of the air that the sound wave travels through

74
Q

Sonar depth finding works by bouncing sound waves off the bottom of the ocean (or other body of water). The distance to the bottom is determined by _________ the distance determined from the equation d= vt

A

Halving

75
Q

An increase of 20 on the decibel scale, for example, from 20 to 40, is equal to an increase of _______ on the intensity scale

A

100

76
Q

If waves traveling in opposite directions meet and a wave crest from each meets at the same place and at the same time, the result is

A

Constructive interference

77
Q

Resonance occurs when the frequency of the external forces matches the ________ frequency of the object

A

Natural

78
Q

If two waves meet, the resulting wave’s amplitude is the sum of the two separate ___________ of the original waves

A

Amplitudes

79
Q

Intensity is defined as the ________ transmitted by waves to a unit area (in square meters) that is perpendicular to the waves

A

Power

80
Q

If striking a turning fork causes a nearby but unstruck turning fork to resonate, the

A

Two tuning forks share the same resonant frequency

81
Q

If the amplitude of a wave is doubled, it will quadruple the wave’s intensity. This doubling of the wave’s amplitude will

A

Not quadruple the loudness

82
Q

A ratio of the intensity level of a given sound to the threshold of human hearing is measured using the

A

Decibel scale

83
Q

When the frequency of an external force matches the natural frequency of an object, the condition is called

A

Resonance

84
Q

Reflected waves that interfere with incoming waves of the same frequency produce

A

Standing waves

85
Q

The formation of nodes and antinodes is directly dependent on

A

Destructive and constructive interference

86
Q

A string attached at both ends will have one frequency that can produce the longest standing wave in it; this frequency is the lowest possible frequency and is called the

A

Fundamental frequency

87
Q

Nodes are places of __________ interference and antinodes are places of ________ interference

A

Destructive; constructive

88
Q

From the fundamental frequency on up, those frequencies are capable of forming standing waves on a string attached at both ends are called

A

Overtones

89
Q

Instruments that produce waveforms with overtones, whether that is from the vibration of strings or of air, are referred to as ___________ instruments

A

Harmonic

90
Q

The Doppler effect is the

A

Change in pitch due to the relative motion of the source and the receiver of a sound

91
Q

Mach number is the ratio of the velocity of an object to

A

The velocity of sound

Physical Science (2 decks)

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