Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Spring '14-148 (Exam 2) > Chapter 5- Method Section > Flashcards

Chapter 5- Method Section Flashcards

1
Q

What is the purpose of the method section?

A
  • Describes who or what has been studied, the
    materials that were employed, and how those
    materials were used to obtain useful data.
  • Helps reader identify research strategy being
    reported and the specific design incorporated.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the purpose of the method section?

A
  • Describes who or what has been studied, the
    materials that were employed, and how those
    materials were used to obtain useful data.
  • Helps reader identify research strategy being
    reported and the specific design incorporated.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the three major components of the Method Section?

A
  • Subjects/participants
  • Materials
  • Procedure
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

T/F: subjects or participants are somewhat interchangeable?

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What does the term, biological sex refer to?

A

categorical attribute

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What does the term, gender refer to?

A

a role

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the definition of “population”?

A

any group of individuals in which the researcher is ultimately interested.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the definition of “sample size”?

A

Usually we only looks at a sample and generalize to the whole group by inference.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the factors of sample size?

A

purpose of the study, previous
research, concerns about generalization, variability of
attributes being investigated, and research design.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the selection criteria?

A
  • Need sufficient description to replicate it.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the three major components of the Method Section?

A
  • Subjects/participants
  • Materials
  • Procedure
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

T/F: subjects or participants are somewhat interchangeable?

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does the term, biological sex refer to?

A

categorical attribute

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What does the term, gender refer to?

A

a role

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the definition of “population”?

A

any group of individuals in which the researcher is ultimately interested.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the definition of “sample size”?

A

Usually we only looks at a sample and generalize to the whole group by inference.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the factors of sample size?

A

purpose of the study, previous
research, concerns about generalization, variability of
attributes being investigated, and research design.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the selection criteria?

A
  • Need sufficient description to replicate it.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the 3 basic “ethical” principles of the protection of subjects?

A
  1. Respect for persons – honor individual’s decisions.
  2. Beneficence – maximize benefit and minimize harm.
  3. Justice – selection of individuals be fair and unbiased.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What does IRB stand for? What is it?

A
  • Institutional Review Board (IRB)
  • Studies must gain approval of IRB.
  • Sometimes referred to as “Human Subjects” but
    includes animals as well.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is privacy?

A

Control of access

(Longer definition which was on a different slide) –
- an individual’s ability to control when and under what conditions others will have access to
personal information.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is confidentiality?

A

Ability to connect back to individual identity

(Longer definition from another slide) –
- ability of other people to tie specific information or data to a given individual.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

T/F: Informed consent is the cornerstone of ethical research?

A

true

24
Q

What should informed consent include?

A
  • A statement that the study involves research and an explanation of the purpose of the research.
  • A description of the materials to be used; the procedures to be followed, and the expected duration.
  • A description of the risks posed by the procedure and any discomfort that might be experienced.
  • A description of any potential benefit for them and others.
  • A statement about the privacy and degree of confidentiality that will be maintained.
  • Identification of the researcher responsible for the research, along with information about whom to contact with any questions,
    comments, or concerns about the conduct of the study.
  • A statement that participation is voluntary, and that consent can be withdrawn at any time during the study, for any reason, without
    penalty.
25
Q

What must we abide by when looking at subjects/participants?

A

HIPAA

ASHA code of ethics

26
Q

Regardless of the sequence of presentation of headings in

all articles, What are the two basic evaluation questions that need to be answered?

A
  1. Was there adequate selection and measurement of the independent (classification, predictor) variable?
  2. Was there adequate selection and measurement of the dependent (criterion, predicted) variable?
27
Q

What do measurements consist of?

A

rules for assigning numbers
to objects in such a way as to represent quantities of
attributes.

28
Q

What is instrumentation?

A

hardware, electronic equipment, and transducers.

29
Q

What are 3 types of measurement devices?

A
  • calipers,
  • rulers,
  • and timing instruments.
30
Q

What are 3 types of behavioral instruments?

A
  • tests,
  • surveys,
  • and questionnaires
31
Q

What are the levels of measurement in the materials portion?

A
  • Nominal
  • Ordinal
  • Interval
  • Ratio
32
Q

What is nominal?

A

mutually exclusive i.e. pass/fail

33
Q

What is ordinal?

A

mutually exclusive and ranking i.e. mild, moderate and severe.

34
Q

What is Interval?

A

all of the above and equivalence of units i.e. standard scores on tests.

35
Q

What is Ratio?

A

All of the above and equivalence of units and a true zero point.

36
Q

Within materials, what is reliability?

A
  • Reliability = repeatability .

- Consistency, dependability, reproducibility, or stability.

37
Q

What are the validity of measurements?

A

Truthfulness of the measure.

38
Q

T/F: Validity is defined as the ‘degree’ to which is measures what it purports to measure.

A

true

39
Q

T/F: A reliable measure may be quite repeatable or precise

but may not be true or correct?

A

True

40
Q

What are the 3 types of validity’s?

A
  • Content validity
  • Criterion validity
  • Construct validity
41
Q

What is content validity?

A

logical examination of the content of the test items to see how well they sample the behavior
or characteristic to be measured.

42
Q

What is Criterion validity?

A
  • established by empirical examination of how well the measure correlates with some outside validating criteria.
  • Cut off score.
43
Q

What is construct validity?

A

the degree the instrument measures reflect a trait or construct.

44
Q

What is concurrent validity?

A

two measures measure the same

content (and construct).

45
Q

What is predictive validity?

A

measure is used to predict some

future behavior i.e. screening tools, GRE as a predictor for success in grad school.

46
Q

What is the definition of a procedure?

A

Describe what is done to the subjects with the

materials.

47
Q

What are the components of the procedure?

A
  • Tasks & protocols
  • Appropriateness of measurements
  • Data analysis
48
Q

What is included in tasks & protocols?

A
  • Test environment
  • Subject instructions
  • Observer bias
49
Q

Within Tasks & protocols:

What is the research protocol?

A
  • The sequence of tasks
    performed by the subjects, manipulations of the IVs, and the subsequent measurement of change in the DV.
  • Step by step description of each component.
50
Q

Within Tasks & protocols:

What is test environment?

A
  • Needs to be controlled.
  • (Environment) may be important in determining the internal validity of the study by assessing the degree to which the environment affects the measurements made.
  • Also important in determining external validity of the results in regard to generalizing to other settings.
51
Q

Within Tasks & protocols:

What must subject instructions be?

A
  • clear and concise.

- Free of ambiguity.

52
Q

Within the tasks & protocols:

What is observer bias?

A

has to do with variability among individuals/researchers acting as judges or raters.

53
Q

What is non-interactional tasks & protocol?

A

occurs when the researcher’s behavior affects recording of subject responses. Think of testing, too.

54
Q

What is interactional tasks & protocols?

A

interactions with the subject affect changes the subjects behavior.

55
Q

Within the tasks & protocols:

What is appropriateness of measurements?

A
  • Assuming the instruments used to provide reliable and
    valid measurements of the variables
  • the reader should
    be concerned about the appropriateness of the
    measurements.
56
Q

Within tasks & protocol:

What is data analysis?

A
  • A statement on how the data are organized and Analyzed (statistical processing, etc).

Spring '14-148 (Exam 2) (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions