Chapter 5: Memory Flashcards
Encoding
Entering information into memory
Storage
retaining information in memory
Retrieval
pulling information out of memory
Attention
focusing awareness onto a narrowed range of stimuli. CRITICAL to encoding information
Sensory memory
When the senses take in a very briefly hold information. Ex: senses in a movie theatre.
Sound: 3-4 seconds
Sight: Half a second
Echoic memory
auditory sensory memory HOLDS 3-4 SECONDS
Iconic memory
Visual sensory memory HOLDS HALF A SECOND
Structural Encoding
Focusing on the physical structure of the stimulus. SHALLOW
Color, shape, appearance.
Phonemic encoding
Focusing on the sound of the stimulus. DEEPER.
Semantic encoding
Focusing on the meaning of the stimulus. DEEPEST.
Visual imagery
Creating pictures in ones head that represents the stimulus
Elaborative rehersal
link other info at the same time of encoding
EX: sandy (friends name) —> Sandy beach
Short term memory holds _____ pieces of information.
7 plus/minus 2 pieces of information —> Miller’s Magic number
Working memory
(Short term) memory working almost all waking hours.
Chunking (Effortful processing):
Combining stimuli into more meaningful units to increase capacity of short term memory.
Retrieval cues
stimuli that help locate memories in the long term memory.
Sights, sounds, smells that prompt you to remember.
Encoding specificity
The effect of contextual information present when memory was encoded.
Where you are when you are trying to remember something makes a difference
Priming
When recent experiences cause an increased likelihood if recalling certain memories.
Explicit memory
Consciously aware of the information. You know why you know it, you know you know it.
Semantic memory
EXPLICIT MEMORY, General knowledge.
Date of christmas.
Episodic memory
EXPLICIT MEMORY, Dated recollections of personal experiences
First date memory
Implicit memory
Information youre not consciously aware of.
Remembering to walk, phobia
Procedural memory
Actions, skills, operations,
Walking, running, jumping, clapping,chewing
Serial position effect
tendency to remember items at the beginning and end of a list.
