Chapter 5: Memory

Question 1

Encoding

Answer 1

Entering information into memory

Question 2

Storage

Answer 2

retaining information in memory

Question 3

Retrieval

Answer 3

pulling information out of memory

Question 4

Attention

Answer 4

focusing awareness onto a narrowed range of stimuli. CRITICAL to encoding information

Question 5

Sensory memory

Answer 5

When the senses take in a very briefly hold information. Ex: senses in a movie theatre.

Sound: 3-4 seconds
Sight: Half a second

Question 6

Echoic memory

Answer 6

auditory sensory memory HOLDS 3-4 SECONDS

Question 7

Iconic memory

Answer 7

Visual sensory memory HOLDS HALF A SECOND

Question 8

Structural Encoding

Answer 8

Focusing on the physical structure of the stimulus. SHALLOW
Color, shape, appearance.

Question 9

Phonemic encoding

Answer 9

Focusing on the sound of the stimulus. DEEPER.

Question 10

Semantic encoding

Answer 10

Focusing on the meaning of the stimulus. DEEPEST.

Question 11

Visual imagery

Answer 11

Creating pictures in ones head that represents the stimulus

Question 12

Elaborative rehersal

Answer 12

link other info at the same time of encoding
EX: sandy (friends name) —> Sandy beach

Question 13

Short term memory holds _____ pieces of information.

Answer 13

7 plus/minus 2 pieces of information —> Miller’s Magic number

Question 14

Working memory

Answer 14

(Short term) memory working almost all waking hours.

Question 15

Chunking (Effortful processing):

Answer 15

Combining stimuli into more meaningful units to increase capacity of short term memory.

Question 16

Retrieval cues

Answer 16

stimuli that help locate memories in the long term memory.
Sights, sounds, smells that prompt you to remember.

Question 17

Encoding specificity

Answer 17

The effect of contextual information present when memory was encoded.

Where you are when you are trying to remember something makes a difference

Question 18

Priming

Answer 18

When recent experiences cause an increased likelihood if recalling certain memories.

Question 19

Explicit memory

Answer 19

Consciously aware of the information. You know why you know it, you know you know it.

Question 20

Semantic memory

Answer 20

EXPLICIT MEMORY, General knowledge.

Date of christmas.

Question 21

Episodic memory

Answer 21

EXPLICIT MEMORY, Dated recollections of personal experiences

First date memory

Question 22

Implicit memory

Answer 22

Information youre not consciously aware of.

Remembering to walk, phobia

Question 23

Procedural memory

Answer 23

Actions, skills, operations,

Walking, running, jumping, clapping,chewing

Question 24

Serial position effect

Answer 24

tendency to remember items at the beginning and end of a list.

Question 25

Retroactive interference

Answer 25

Problem remembering old info because of new info

Question 26

Proactive interference

Answer 26

problem remembering new info because of old info.

Question 27

Flashbulb memory

Answer 27

A clear memory of an emotionally charged event.

Question 28

Mnemonics

Answer 28

Technique deliberately used to enhance memory. Acronyms, rhyming..

Question 29

How to improve memory

Answer 29

• Make material meaningful
• Mnemonics
• Organize ideas
• visualize information
• Use effortful encoding
• avoid multitasking
• study in small chunks
• teach info
• get enough sleep

Question 30

Amnesia

Answer 30

The inability to remember some/all information temporarily/permanently.

Question 31

Retrograde amnesia

Answer 31

Loss of memory PRIOR to injury

Question 32

Anterograde amnesia

Answer 32

Inability to create new memories.