Chapter 4: Consciousness

Question 1

Inactivity sleep theory

Answer 1

Inactivity would protect us from predators

Question 2

Energy conservation sleep theory

Answer 2

Spend less energy/calories during sleep

Question 3

Restorative/healing sleep theory

Answer 3

Healing takes place during sleep

Question 4

Memory consolidation Sleep theory

Answer 4

We store our memories effectively during sleep

Question 5

Sleep deprivation: Cognitive slowing

Answer 5

takes longer to think

Question 6

Sleep deprivation: Cognitive rigity

Answer 6

lack of sleep kills creativity

Question 7

Sleep deprivation: Decreased motivation

Answer 7

you dont care as much about poor performance

Question 8

Circadian rhythm

Answer 8

24- Hour Cycle which brain & bodily function controlled by

Question 9

What affects the circadian rhythm?

Answer 9

-Lightness/ Darkness cues
-Meal timing

Question 10

Suprachiasmatic Nucleus (SCN):

Answer 10

like a daily timer for a lamp on a dimmer. can be programmed to be brighter/darker at different times of the day. LOCATED IN HYPOTHALAMUS

Question 11

Alpha waves

Answer 11

awake and relaxed

Question 12

Theta waves

Answer 12

Stage 1 & 2 sleep

Question 13

Hypnagogic hallucinations

Answer 13

Dream of falling

Question 14

stage 1 sleep

Answer 14

• very light sleep.
• breathing rate & muscles slow
  -hypnagogic hallucinations
  -myoclonic jerk

Question 15

stage 2 sleep

Answer 15

• breathing & heart rate slows
• body temp drops
• sleep spindles (bursts of brain activity)

Question 16

delta waves

Answer 16

Stages 3 & 4 sleep
- Deepest stages of sleep
- sleep walking & talking

Question 17

REM Sleep

Answer 17

• brain activity & dreams occur
• rapid eye movement
• REM paralysis

Question 18

Rapid eye movement

Answer 18

heart rate increases, breathing increases, sexual arousal

Question 19

REM paralysis

Answer 19

skeletal muscles completely relaxed. paralyzed in a relaxed way

Question 20

REM rebound

Answer 20

increase in rem sleep after a period of rem sleep deprivation

Question 21

Insomnia

Answer 21

consistent difficulty falling asleep, staying asleep, or achieving high quality sleep

Question 22

night terrors

Answer 22

brief sudden awakening where the person feels frightened. NON REM SLEEP

Question 23

narcolepsy

Answer 23

sleep attacks

Question 24

somnambulism/
Sleep Walking

Answer 24

walking while asleep
3% of people

Question 25

sleep apnea

Answer 25

interruptions of breathing during sleep that cause repeated waking 20% of adults

Question 26

Sleep hygiene

Answer 26

routine behaviors that promote healthy sleep

Question 27

Stimulus control

Answer 27

use bed only for sleep

Question 28

dreams preform a ___________ function.

Answer 28

fresh- start

Question 29

imagery rehersal theory

Answer 29

technique where nightmare sufferer retells the nightmare to therapist, but with a better ending.

Question 30

Lucid dreaming

Answer 30

a dreaming experience in which you have some control over the dream while you remain asleep. stage 1, 2, & rem sleep.

Question 31

psychoactive drugs

Answer 31

substances that alter mental functioning (mood, memory, thinking, and perception)

Question 32

Psychoactive drugs affect neurotransmitters in 4 ways:

Answer 32

1. increase release of neurotransmitter 2. block/activate receptors of neurotransmitters in receiving neuron 3. inhibit reuptake of neurotransmitters that didnt complete the trip across the synapse 4. inhibit enzymes in/near neuron that would break down neurotransmitter

Question 33

tolerance

Answer 33

decreased effectiveness of an amount of a drug

Question 34

withdrawal

Answer 34

symptoms (usually unpleasant) of discontinued habitual drug use; opposite of drugs effect

Question 35

psychological dependence

Answer 35

mental need for a drug in order to function properly.

Question 36

physical dependence

Answer 36

physical need for a drug in order to function properly

Question 37

addiction

Answer 37

problematic drug use that persists after negative consequences

Question 38

depressants

Answer 38

drugs that slow bodily functions

Question 39

stimulants

Answer 39

speed up bodily functions

Question 40

opiods

Answer 40

drugs that include naturally derived opiates & synthetically made substances that bind the same receptors in the brain. Pain relievers

Question 41

hallucinogens

Answer 41

drugs that produce unrealistic sensations aka, hallucinations

Question 42

What does andrew weil believe?

Answer 42

he believes that humans have a natural drive to experiment with altering consciousness; this is normal. Drugs are an easy and minimal effort way to do this. But may be expensive or come with negative side effects and may fail us overtime.

Question 43

Andrew weil believes that people should be taught what?

Answer 43

how to unlock the potential to altering our consciousness in a safe way with exercise, yoga, meditation etc.

Question 44

meditation

Answer 44

an activity designed to increase focus attention with the ultimate purpose of improving your mental state

Question 45

mindfulness

Answer 45

awareness of your moment- to- moment experiences fully, deliberately, and without distraction