Chapter 5: Listening

Question 1

What is classical conditioning?

Answer 1

a stimulus happens 1st which leads to a behavior

Question 2

What is an unconditioned stimulus

Answer 2

stimulus that automatically gives a response (food)

Question 3

What is an unconditioned reflex

Answer 3

involuntary response (salivate)

Question 4

What is a conditioned stimulus

Answer 4

starts neutral; pairs with unconditioned stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus (bell)

Question 5

What is conditioned reflex

Answer 5

learned behavior ( salivating to the bell)

Question 6

What is stimulus generalization

Answer 6

respond to any similar stimulus

Question 7

What is a stimulus discrimination

Answer 7

can only respond to conditioned stimulus

Question 8

what is operant conditioning

Answer 8

a behavior happens which leads to consequences

Question 9

what is extinction

Answer 9

stop a behavior by no longer pairing the US and CS

Question 10

what is consequences

Answer 10

reinforcement; trying to increase that they do it again

Question 11

what is punishment

Answer 11

stops from happening again

Question 12

What is primary reinforcement

Answer 12

inherently rewarding; not taught; hobbies

Question 13

What is secondary reinforcement

Answer 13

learned reinforcements

Question 14

what is positive

Answer 14

adding

Question 15

What is negative

Answer 15

taking

Question 16

What is positive reinforcement

Answer 16

give to reward (candy)

Question 17

What is negative reinforcement

Answer 17

take something away to reward ( no chores)

Question 18

what is punishment by application

Answer 18

positive; give (chores)

Question 19

What is punishment by removal

Answer 19

negative; take away (Take phone away)

Question 20

what is shaping

Answer 20

reward successive behaviors, end goal, reward baby steps and never go backwards

Question 21

what is learned helplessness

Answer 21

punished over and over

Question 22

What is fixed interval

Answer 22

set amount of time ( weekly allowance)

Question 23

what is variable interval

Answer 23

average amount of time (random bonuses)

Question 24

what is fixes ratio

Answer 24

set number of responses/behaviors (every 3rd time)

Question 25

what is variable ratio

Answer 25

average number of responses ( keep doing it and you know you will get rewarded at some point)

Question 26

what is an example of a primary reinforcement

Answer 26

food

Question 27

in Pavlov’s study, salivating when presented with food is an example of what

Answer 27

UR

Question 28

in the famous little Albert study, Watson conditioned little Albert to be fearful of white, soft, fluffy objects by clanging on a metal pipe to create a loud sound whenever alert was presented with that type of object. what was alberts response

Answer 28

fear and crying

Question 29

the schedule of reinforcement that has the longest lasting effect is the

Answer 29

variable ratio schedule

Question 30

a paycheck every 2 weeks is an example of which schedule or reinforcement

Answer 30

fixed interval

Question 31

in pavlov’s classical conditioning example, if his dog salivated when they heard any type of tone/bell this would be an example of what

Answer 31

stimulus generalization

Question 32

taking a teenager’s phone for a month because they disobeyed their parents phone usage rule would be an example of what

Answer 32

negative punishment

Question 33

rewarding smaller behaviors that are leading a person/animal to the ultimate desired end behavior is called what

Answer 33

shaping

Question 34

not having to take a final exam because you have an A average in a course is an example of what

Answer 34

negative reinforcement

Question 35

to extinguish a classically conditioned response one should do the following

Answer 35

stop following the US with the CS