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PSY 101 > Chapter 5: Learning > Flashcards

Chapter 5: Learning Flashcards

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1
Q

Learning

A

Permanent change in behavior because of experience

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2
Q

What isn’t Learning?

A

Maturation

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3
Q

Konrad Lorenz

A

Imprinting (Learning & Instinct)

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4
Q

Types of learning

A

Classical, Operant, and Cognitive

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5
Q

Classical Conditioning

A

Neutral Stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus through association

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6
Q

Operant (Instrumental) Conditioning

A

Learning to make or withhold a response b/c of it’s consequences

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7
Q

Cognitive Learning

A

Mental process, non observable learning

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8
Q

Process of Classical Conditioning

A
  1. US - UR NS
  2. NS + US
  3. CS - CR
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9
Q

Founded Classical Conditioning

A

Pavlov

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10
Q

PTSD Triggers are a form of

A

Classical conditioning

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11
Q

Term to end classical conditioning

A

Depolarization

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12
Q

Intermittent Pairing

A

Only pairing the CS with the US

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13
Q

Preparedness

A

Biological preparedness to learn associations (No phobia to poison)

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14
Q

Hierarchy of fear

A

Hierarchy of fear

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15
Q

Stimulus Generalization CC

A

Greater similarity between two stimuli, greater likeliness of stimulus generalization (similar noises)

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16
Q

Stimulus Discrimination CC

A

Learned ability to distinguish between a conditioned stimulus and other stimuli

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17
Q

Extinction CC

A

When CS and US stop being associated

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18
Q

Desensitization Therapy

A

Teaching relaxation in periods of fearful or anxious situations

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19
Q

Thondikes Puzzle Box

A

Cats could more successfully unlatch a cage with treats (Operant Conditioning)

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20
Q

Consequences

A

Reinforcements and Punishments

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21
Q

Process of Operant Conditioning

A

S - R - C
C modifies S

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22
Q

Neutral Consequence=

A

Doesn’t have power

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23
Q

Positive ^

A

Brings something

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24
Q

Negative v

A

Takes something away

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25
Q

Law of effect

A

Satisfying effects (Reinforcement) are likely to be repeated and Vice Versa

26
Q

Founded Operant Conditioning

A

B. F. Skinner

27
Q

NEGATIVE REINFORCEMENT DOES NOT

A

MEAN PUNISHMENT

28
Q

Primary Consequences

A

Threatens Biological Needs

29
Q

Secondary

A

Gets its power by association with Primary consequence

30
Q

Stimulus Generalization OC

A

Applying learned behavior to other situations

31
Q

Stimulus Discrimination OC

A

Changing behavior to different stimuli

32
Q

Extinction

A

Stop response, remove reinforcement

33
Q

Extinction Burst

A

Emotional Response

34
Q

Immediate Consequences are almost always more

A

effective than delayed consequences

35
Q

Schedules of Reinforcement

A

4 types; Fixed/Variable Ratio and Interval

36
Q

Ratio

A

How many Responses

37
Q

Interval

A

How much Time

38
Q

Shaping

A

Reinforcing successive approximations of the desired behavior

39
Q

Shaping: Stimulus

A

Where? When? With Whom?

40
Q

Shaping: Reinforcement

A

Is there an alternate behavior to reinforce?

41
Q

Shaping: Consequence

A

What are the reinforcements and punishments?

42
Q

Generally, people will chose short-term relief over

A

Long-term consequences

43
Q

Biofeedback

A

When operant conditioning is used to control biological functions

44
Q

Neurofeedback

A

When biofeedback is used to control brain waves

45
Q

Operant and Classical conditioning both

A

involved learning associations

46
Q

Both Operant and Classical conditioning

A

under the control of stimuli

47
Q

Niether operant or classical conditioning

A

last forever

48
Q

Contingencies

A

A relationship in which one event depends on another

49
Q

Backwards Conditioning

A

Conditioned Stimulus always follows a Unconditioned Stimulus

50
Q

Blocking

A

Prior conditioning prevents a second conditioning

51
Q

Tolman’s Maze

A

Rats made a cognitive map to solve

52
Q

Latent Learning

A

Happens when not demonstrated (Stored internally)

53
Q

Types of Cognitive Learning

A

Insight & Observational

54
Q

Insight Learning

A

Rapid learning as a result of understanding each element of a problem (uses learning sets)

55
Q

Learning Sets

A

Ability to become increasingly more effective in solving problems as more problems are solved “Learning how to Learn”

56
Q

Observational Learning

A

Learning by observing a model

57
Q

Spontaneous Recovery

A

Extinguished behavior that reappears

58
Q

Learned Helplessness

A

Giving up response from multiple negative experiences

59
Q

Operant Conditioning Contingency

A

Learner perceives a connection between an action and a reward

60
Q

Classical Conditioning Contingency

A

US becomes a signal for CS

PSY 101 (2 decks)

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