Chapter 5 Keywords

Question 1

Orbital

Answer 1

Region around the nucleus where theres a high probability of finding an electron. It can hold up to two electrons with opposite spins. There are s p d and f orbitals.

Question 2

S orbital

Answer 2

Sphere. Each shell from n =1 has one s orbital

As n increases, the radius of s orbital increases

Question 3

P orbital

Answer 3

Dumbbell
There are 3 P orbitals at right angle to each other. Each shell from n=2 has 3 p orbitals npz npy npz
Greater shell number means further away from p orbital the nucleus is

Question 4

D and F orbitals

Answer 4

Each shell from n=3 has 5 d orbitals

Each shell from n=4 has 7 f orbitals

Question 5

Subshells

Answer 5

2s 2p etc. 4s subshell is at a lower energy level to the 3d. So It fills up first. And empties first

Question 6

Ionic bonding

Answer 6

Electrostatic force of between two oppositely charged ions

Question 7

Covalent bond

Answer 7

Strong electrostatic force of attraction between a shared pair of electrons and the nuclei of the bonded atoms

*localised attraction

Question 8

Molecule

Answer 8

The smallest part of a covalent compound that can exist whilst retaining the chemical properties of the compound

Question 9

expansion of the octet

Answer 9

Becomes available from n=3 when a d sub shell becomes available for the expansion and the other shell has more than 8 outer shell electrons 3

Question 10

Triple covalent bond

Answer 10

The strong electrostatic force of attraction between 3 shared pairs of electrons and the nuclei of the bonding atoms

Question 11

Dative covalent bond

Answer 11

A covalent bond where the shared pair of electrons has been provided by only one of the bonding atoms

Question 12

Non polar bonds

Answer 12

Bonded electron pair shared equally

• bonded atoms are the same
• or have similar electronegativity