Chapter 5 Key Terms: The Multicultural History of American Eduaction Flashcards
Academy
A classical secondary school in colonial America that emphasized elements of Latin and English grammar schools and by the nineteenth century became more of a college preparatory school. Also the name of the ancient Greek school founded by Plato
American spelling book
An elementary textbook written by Noah Webster that focused on the alphabet, grammar, and moral lessons
A Nation at Risk
A report written in 1983 by the National Commission on Excellence in Education that put school reform in the national spotlight by reporting that test scores and performance in U.S schools was declining and weakening
Sylvia Ashton-Warner
An unconventional New Zealand teacher who structured her educational practices around child-centered learning and creativity. She created new reading education values and philosophies that still impact American schools today
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka
U.S Supreme Court ruling that reversed an earlier “seperate but equal” ruling and declared segregated schooling was inherently unequal and therefore unlawful
Kenneth Clark
City College of New York graduate who fought against racial discrimination in schools. He led the doll study that was presented in the Brown v. Board of Education case
Comenius
A 15th century education pioneer who identified developmental stages of learning and supported universal education
Common School
A public, tax-supported school. First established in Massachusetts, the schools’ purpose was to create a common basis of knowledge for children. It usually refers to the public elementary school
Prudence Crandall
A Quaker who lived from 1803-1889 and fought to promote education among people of all colors, especially African American girls
Dame Schools
Primary Schools in colonial and other early periods in which students were taught by untrained women in the women’s homes
De facto segregation
The segregation of racial or other groups resulting from circumstances, such as housing patterns, rather than from official policy or law
De jure segregation
The segregation of racial or other groups on the basis of law, policy, or other practice designed to accomplish such seperation
John Dewey
Proponent and theorist of progressive education; student-centered, problem-based learning
W.E.B Dubols
Co-founder of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
Elementary School
An educational institution for children in grades 1 through 5,5,or8, often including kindergarten
English Classical School
The first free public high school, established in Boston in 1821. The school initially enrolled only boys
Benjamin Franklin
Established the Academy, a new kind of secondary school that replaced the Latin grammars school. He was committed to educating all white Americans, rich or poor
Paulo Freire
A 20th century education activist and theorist, Freire spread critical pedagogy, a theory in which students are the center of their education, while teachers guide and facilitate active student learning
Friedrich Forebel
The founder of kindergarten in 1837
Gendered Career
A career that is mostly occupied by one of the genders as opposed to the other. A term applied to the gender stereotyping of career and occupational fields. Teaching, for example, was initially gendered male but today is gendered female, particularly at the elementary school level.
Johann Herbart
Encouraged moral development in education and created a structured methodology of instruction (1776-1841)
Hornbook
A single sheet of parchment containg the Lord’s Praer and letters of the alphabet. It was protected by a thin sheath from the flattened horn of a cow and fastened to a wooden board-hence the name. It was used during the colonial era in primary schools
En loco parentis
Latin term meaning “in place of the parents”; that is, a teacher or school administrator assumes the duties and responsibilities of the parents during the hours the child attends school
Thomas Jefferson
Encouraged the education of more than just a small elite class or religious instruction. Maintained that education should be more widely available to white children from all economic and social classes
Kalamazoo Michigan Case
In 1874 the U.S Supreme Court decision that upheld the right of the states to tax citizens to provide public secondary education
Kindergarten
A preschool, early childhood educational environment first designed by Froebel in the mid-nineteenth century
Land Ordinance Act
A nineteenth-century federal law that required newly settled territories to reserve a section of land for schools
Latin Grammar school
A classical secondary school with a latin and greek curriculum preparing students for college
Horace Mann
The developer and establisher of the nation’s common school movement. He expanded educational opportunites for all Americans in every socioeconomic status and viewed education as a vehicle for improved American lives
McGuffey Reader
A reading series that, for almost 100 years, promoted moral and patriotic messages and set the practice of reading levels leading toward graded elementary schools
Mary Bethune McLeod
Founder of Bethune-Cookman College and establisher of Black civic and welfare organizations and adviser to President Franklin D. Roosevelt.
Maria Montessori
Maria was an unconventional educator who practiced her theory that children should have a prepared environment to pursue learning in the sphere of their own interests. She mainly worked with the disadvantaged but her work is used in many educational settings today
National Defense Education Act
Federally sponsored programs (1958) to improve science, math, and foreign language instruction in schools.
New England Primer
One of the first textbooks in colonial America, teaching reading and moral messages
Normal Schools
A two-year education institution popular in the nineteenth century. Many normal schools were expanded to become today’s state colleges and universities
Northwest Ordinance
Federal legislation that provided for the sale of federal lands in the Northwest territory to support public schools
Old Deluder Satan Law (1647)
Massachusetts colony law requiring teachers in towns of fifty families or more and that schools be built in towns of one hundred families or more. Communities must teach children to read so that they can read the Bible and thwart satan
Pedagogy of the Oppressed
A work by Paulo Freire, an advocate of social-justice oriented education in which student-centered classrooms are utilized to help students seek solutions to social problems and benefit society while living satisfying and fruitful lives
Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi
An educator who worked to meet the special needs of the disadvantaged and develop curriculum
Jean Piaget
Created cognitive development theory
Plessy v. Ferguson
The Supreme Court decision that developed the doctrine of separate but equal
Progressive Education
Educational practices emphasizing democracy, student needs, practical activities, and school-community relationships
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
(1712-1778) Worked to distinguish schooling from education and concerned himself with the stages of development
Second-generation segregation
The separation of school’s multiracial populations through tracking, extracurricular activities, and informal social events
Separate but Equal
A legal doctrine that holds that the equality of treatment is accorded when the races are provided substantially equal facilities, even though those facilities are separate. This doctrine was ruled unconstitutional in regard to race
Burrhus Frederick Skinner
1904-1990- Contributed to altering environments to promote learning
Tenth Amendment
The constitutional Amendment that established that areas not specifically mentioned in the Constitution as federal responsibilities are left to state authority. Since education is not mentioned, each state is free to create its own school system
Booker T. Washington
1856-1915: Contributed to the vocational education of Black Americans and for establishing Tuskegee University
Emma Hart Willard
1787-1870: Opened the door of higher education to women and promoted professional teacher preparation
