Chapter 5: Investigating Data

Question 1

Name the four shapes of distribution (graphing)

Answer 1

1. Positively skewed (tail to the left)
2. Negatively skewed (tail to the right)
3. Symmetrical (well, symmetrical)
4. Bimodal (has two humps peaks)

Question 2

What is Q1, Q2 and Q3 (in relation to box and whisker plots)?

Answer 2

1. Q1 = Lower quartile (median of the lowest score - Q2)
2. Q2 = Median
3. Q3 = Upper quartile (median of Q2 - highest score)

Question 3

What is IQR?

Answer 3

InterQuartile Range is the distance between Q3 and Q1

Question 4

What is a box and whisker plot.

Answer 4

An effective way of displaying a five number summary in one graph.
The graph spreads horizontally with the lowest score being represented by a dot, being extended by a line towards Q1, which opens into the end of a rectangle.
The rectangle continues until Q2, where a line cuts through the median score.
The line continues until it reaches Q3, the upper quartile. The rectangle then reverts back into a line leading to the highest score.

Question 5

What is a dot plot?

Answer 5

A dot plot is a horizontal line where dots are displayed as scores. The higher the frequency of a specific score is, the more dots will be stacked on top of a score.

Question 6

What is a stem and leaf plot? What is a back to back stem and leaf plot?

Answer 6

A stem and leaf plot bears similarities to a dot plot in which a score is represented vertically. A back to back stem and leaf plot is an effective way of contrasting scores between two different groups. It is the same as a dot plot, except with anoter dot plot branching from the same place?

Question 7

What is a five number summary and what should be included in one?

Answer 7

A five number summary is a display of five different sums of information, so as to get a general understanding of what a graph might look like.

1. Lowest score.
2. Q1
3. Q2
4. Q3
5. Highest score.`

Question 8

What qualifies for an outlier?

Answer 8

Generally, an outlier must be over 26 spaces away from other scores to be considered and outlier, but it can be considered as more than one space away.

Question 9

What is an outlier?

Answer 9

A score distanced from other scores.

Question 10

What are linear relationships?

Answer 10

Linear relationships are the correlation between multiple scores graphed on an x and y grid. There can be multiple variables to linear relationships.

Correlation:
(Perfect): All points are upon a straight line.
(Strong): Points are close to each other.
(Weak): Points are more distanced.

Linearity:
(Linear): if there is a pattern between points.
(Non-linear): If there is no correlation between the two points.

Relationship:
(Positive): A line is moving upwards.
(Negative): A line is moving downwards.
(No correlation): Incomprehensible.

Question 11

What is an independent variables?

Answer 11

A trait, commonly in scientific experiments, where an item or object is being controlled in order to see how it reacts with the dependent variable.

Question 12

What is a dependent variable?

Answer 12

When something is being measured in an experiment.

Question 13

What is clustering in graphs?

Answer 13

When a select few scores are all clustered together and significantly higher than any other scores.

Question 14

What are parallel box plots?

Answer 14

A form of box plot where two or more box plots are featured on the same graph to show contrast between two scores.

Question 15

What is a scatter plot.

Answer 15

A graph where scores are represented as dots and are recorded in no particular order.