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Computer science > Chapter 5 Internet > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Internet Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the internet?

A

It is an infrastructure, it meanns all the compnonents and cables that are used to connect one device to another. It can also be called a huge network.

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2
Q

What type of network is the internet?

A

It is a netwrok called a wide area network (WAN).

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3
Q

What is the world wide web?

A

Is the collective term for all the websites and web pages that are available. The world wide web is accesed by using the internet

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4
Q

What is a URL?

A

It is an address for each website or web page of the world wide web. It is typed into a web browser

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5
Q

What are the three maing components of an URL?

A

URL - https://www.cambridge.ord/education

Main parts:
1. Protocol - eg https
2. Domain name - eg cabride.org
3. Web page name - eg education

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6
Q

What does DNS mean?

A

Domain name server

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7
Q

What is the DNS?

A

A special server that has a database of domain names and their corrosponding IP address

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8
Q

What is a web server?

A

A network component where the webpages of a website are stored

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9
Q

What does HTTP stand for

A

Hypertext transfer protocol

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10
Q

What does HTTP mean?

A

A protocol that is sued for the transmission of web pages and related data across the internet

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11
Q

What does HTML stand for?

A

Hypertext markup language

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12
Q

What does HTML mean?

A

A scripting (web authoring) language that is used to create web pages

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13
Q

What does CSS stand for?

A

Cascading style sheets

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14
Q

What is the definition of CSS?

A

A scripting language that is used to create a presentation template for a web page. It includes what kind of font and colour text will appear on the webpage

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15
Q

What is active scripts?

A

This is the script that us used to produce any of the interactive elements of a web page

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16
Q

What does HTTPS stand for?

A

Hypertext transfer protocol secure

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17
Q

What is HTTPS?

A

A secure version of the HTTP that encrypts data for transmission

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18
Q

What is encrypting?

A

A method of securing data for storage or transmission that scrambles it and makes it meaningless

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19
Q

What are digital certificates?

A

A certificate that is awarded to a website if they can prove that they are a real organisation and take measures to securely transmit

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20
Q

What is certificate authority?

A

The awarding organisation that checks if another organisation is real and secure before awarding them a digital certificate

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21
Q

What does SSL stand for?

A

Secure sockets layer

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22
Q

What is SSL?

A

A type of protocol that encrypts data for transmission. It is the protocol, that is combined with the HTTP to create HTTPS

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23
Q

What does TLS stand for?

A

An updated version of the SSL protocol
Transport Layer Security

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24
Q

What is rendering?

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A

The method of processing all the web page data, such as HTML, to display the web page

25
What is an address bar?
The section of a web browser where you the web page address
26
What is user history?
A record made on your web browser of all the web pages that you have visited
27
What is a bookmark?
A link that can be created to allow you to quickly find a web page again
28
What are tabs?
A website function that allows you to open multiple web pages in the same window
29
What are cookies?
Small text files that are used to store personal data, by a web browser
30
What are session cookies?
A type of cookie that is deleted when the web browser is closed
31
What are persistent cookies?
A type of cookie that is stored by the web browser until it is deleted by the user or because it has expired.
32
What is a digital currency?
A currency that exists electronically rather than physically
33
What is cryptocurrency?
A type of digital currency that uses encryption procedures
34
What is a blockchain?
A method that is used to track all the transactions made with a cryptocurrency
35
What is a digital ledger?
A database that is a list of all the transactions recordd by the blockchain
36
What is a brute-force attack?
A type of cyber threat that involves repeatedly inputting a password until the correct one is found, to try and break into an account or device
37
What is a biometric password?
A type of password that uses a person's biological data, such as their fingerprint
38
What is a biometric device?
A device that allows a user to record and input a biometric password
39
What is two-step (or two factor) verification?
A process that involves inputting two different kinds of data to enter an account or device
40
What are data packets?
A unit of data that is used to transmit data across a network
41
What is a packet sniffer?
A piece of software that is used to examine the contents in a packet of data
42
What is a DDoS attack?
A type of cyber threat that targets a web server to cause it to crash and prevent access to the web pages that it stores
43
What is botnet?
A network of bots that are created to carry out a DDoS attack
44
What is malware?
A type of malicious software that is dowloaded onto a user's computer
45
What is a bot?
The name given to a computer that has had malware dowloaded onto it that will cause it to be used in a DDoS attack
46
What is a zombie?
The name given to a bot that has malware downloaded onto it to allow it to be used in a DDoS attack, but it currently isn't being used in this way. It is effectively a dormant or sleeping bot.
47
What is a proxy server?
A method of cyber security that examines requests sent by devices to access the web pages stored on a web server
48
What is an anti-malware?
A type of software that scans a computer or device with the purpose of finding and removing malware
49
What is a firewall?
A cyber security method that is used to examine incoming and outgoing traffic from a computer or network
50
What are ports?
An entry point into a computer or network
51
What are viruses, worms, trojan horses, spywares, adwares and ransomewares
Viruses - A software based cyber threat that replicates itself with the aim of corrupting data or filling up the availble memory space in a computer, causing it to crash Worms - A software based cyber threat that replicates itself across a network using vulnerabilities that it finds, with the aim of clogging up the bandwidth Trojac horses - A software based cyber threat that is used to disguise other malware to try and smuggle it into a computer or network Spywares - A software based cyber threat that spies on a user's action whilts using a computer, such as logging their key presses Adwares - A software based cyber issue that automatically creates popup advertisements Ransomwares - A software based cyber threat that encypts a user's data to stop them gaining access to it until a ransom is paid
52
What is an anti-virus?
A type of software that scans a computer for viruses with the purpose of finding and removing them
53
What is a backup?
A copy of data that is stored seperate from the computer
54
What is pharming?
A type of cyber threat that involves downloading malicious software onto a user's hard drive, that redicrects a request aimed at genuine website to fake website instead. The fake website will encourage the user to input their personal data, allowing it to be stolen
55
What is Phishing?
A type of cyber threat that involves sending a user a fake email that is designed to look genuine. It will encourage the user to provide their personal data either by clicking a link to a fake website, or by responding to the email
56
What is social engineering?
A cyber threat that involves manipulating or deceiving peoplpe into providing confiential or personal data
57
What is an access level?
The amount of direct access a user is fiven to data and resources. This could be set to be only certain sections of a whole collection of data and resources
58

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