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Computer science > Chapter 5 Internet > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Internet Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the internet?

A

It is an infrastructure, it meanns all the compnonents and cables that are used to connect one device to another. It can also be called a huge network.

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2
Q

What type of network is the internet?

A

It is a netwrok called a wide area network (WAN).

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3
Q

What is the world wide web?

A

Is the collective term for all the websites and web pages that are available. The world wide web is accesed by using the internet

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4
Q

What is a URL?

A

It is an address for each website or web page of the world wide web. It is typed into a web browser

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5
Q

What are the three maing components of an URL?

A

URL - https://www.cambridge.ord/education

Main parts:
1. Protocol - eg https
2. Domain name - eg cabride.org
3. Web page name - eg education

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6
Q

What does DNS mean?

A

Domain name server

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7
Q

What is the DNS?

A

A special server that has a database of domain names and their corrosponding IP address

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8
Q

What is a web server?

A

A network component where the webpages of a website are stored

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9
Q

What does HTTP stand for

A

Hypertext transfer protocol

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10
Q

What does HTTP mean?

A

A protocol that is sued for the transmission of web pages and related data across the internet

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11
Q

What does HTML stand for?

A

Hypertext markup language

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12
Q

What does HTML mean?

A

A scripting (web authoring) language that is used to create web pages

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13
Q

What does CSS stand for?

A

Cascading style sheets

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14
Q

What is the definition of CSS?

A

A scripting language that is used to create a presentation template for a web page. It includes what kind of font and colour text will appear on the webpage

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15
Q

What is active scripts?

A

This is the script that us used to produce any of the interactive elements of a web page

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16
Q

What does HTTPS stand for?

A

Hypertext transfer protocol secure

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17
Q

What is HTTPS?

A

A secure version of the HTTP that encrypts data for transmission

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18
Q

What is encrypting?

A

A method of securing data for storage or transmission that scrambles it and makes it meaningless

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19
Q

What are digital certificates?

A

A certificate that is awarded to a website if they can prove that they are a real organisation and take measures to securely transmit

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20
Q

What is certificate authority?

A

The awarding organisation that checks if another organisation is real and secure before awarding them a digital certificate

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21
Q

What does SSL stand for?

A

Secure sockets layer

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22
Q

What is SSL?

A

A type of protocol that encrypts data for transmission. It is the protocol, that is combined with the HTTP to create HTTPS

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23
Q

What does TLS stand for?

A

An updated version of the SSL protocol
Transport Layer Security

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24
Q

What is rendering?

A

The method of processing all the web page data, such as HTML, to display the web page

25
Q

What is an address bar?

A

The section of a web browser where you the web page address

26
Q

What is user history?

A

A record made on your web browser of all the web pages that you have visited

27
Q

What is a bookmark?

A

A link that can be created to allow you to quickly find a web page again

28
Q

What are tabs?

A

A website function that allows you to open multiple web pages in the same window

29
Q

What are cookies?

A

Small text files that are used to store personal data, by a web browser

30
Q

What are session cookies?

A

A type of cookie that is deleted when the web browser is closed

31
Q

What are persistent cookies?

A

A type of cookie that is stored by the web browser until it is deleted by the user or because it has expired.

32
Q

What is a digital currency?

A

A currency that exists electronically rather than physically

33
Q

What is cryptocurrency?

A

A type of digital currency that uses encryption procedures

34
Q

What is a blockchain?

A

A method that is used to track all the transactions made with a cryptocurrency

35
Q

What is a digital ledger?

A

A database that is a list of all the transactions recordd by the blockchain

36
Q

What is a brute-force attack?

A

A type of cyber threat that involves repeatedly inputting a password until the correct one is found, to try and break into an account or device

37
Q

What is a biometric password?

A

A type of password that uses a person’s biological data, such as their fingerprint

38
Q

What is a biometric device?

A

A device that allows a user to record and input a biometric password

39
Q

What is two-step (or two factor) verification?

A

A process that involves inputting two different kinds of data to enter an account or device

40
Q

What are data packets?

A

A unit of data that is used to transmit data across a network

41
Q

What is a packet sniffer?

A

A piece of software that is used to examine the contents in a packet of data

42
Q

What is a DDoS attack?

A

A type of cyber threat that targets a web server to cause it to crash and prevent access to the web pages that it stores

43
Q

What is botnet?

A

A network of bots that are created to carry out a DDoS attack

44
Q

What is malware?

A

A type of malicious software that is dowloaded onto a user’s computer

45
Q

What is a bot?

A

The name given to a computer that has had malware dowloaded onto it that will cause it to be used in a DDoS attack

46
Q

What is a zombie?

A

The name given to a bot that has malware downloaded onto it to allow it to be used in a DDoS attack, but it currently isn’t being used in this way. It is effectively a dormant or sleeping bot.

47
Q

What is a proxy server?

A

A method of cyber security that examines requests sent by devices to access the web pages stored on a web server

48
Q

What is an anti-malware?

A

A type of software that scans a computer or device with the purpose of finding and removing malware

49
Q

What is a firewall?

A

A cyber security method that is used to examine incoming and outgoing traffic from a computer or network

50
Q

What are ports?

A

An entry point into a computer or network

51
Q

What are viruses, worms, trojan horses, spywares, adwares and ransomewares

A

Viruses - A software based cyber threat that replicates itself with the aim of corrupting data or filling up the availble memory space in a computer, causing it to crash
Worms - A software based cyber threat that replicates itself across a network using vulnerabilities that it finds, with the aim of clogging up the bandwidth
Trojac horses - A software based cyber threat that is used to disguise other malware to try and smuggle it into a computer or network
Spywares - A software based cyber threat that spies on a user’s action whilts using a computer, such as logging their key presses
Adwares - A software based cyber issue that automatically creates popup advertisements
Ransomwares - A software based cyber threat that encypts a user’s data to stop them gaining access to it until a ransom is paid

52
Q

What is an anti-virus?

A

A type of software that scans a computer for viruses with the purpose of finding and removing them

53
Q

What is a backup?

A

A copy of data that is stored seperate from the computer

54
Q

What is pharming?

A

A type of cyber threat that involves downloading malicious software onto a user’s hard drive, that redicrects a request aimed at genuine website to fake website instead. The fake website will encourage the user to input their personal data, allowing it to be stolen

55
Q

What is Phishing?

A

A type of cyber threat that involves sending a user a fake email that is designed to look genuine. It will encourage the user to provide their personal data either by clicking a link to a fake website, or by responding to the email

56
Q

What is social engineering?

A

A cyber threat that involves manipulating or deceiving peoplpe into providing confiential or personal data

57
Q

What is an access level?

A

The amount of direct access a user is fiven to data and resources. This could be set to be only certain sections of a whole collection of data and resources

58
Q
A

Computer science (4 decks)

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