Chapter 5 Interdependent Body System

Question 1

Aorta

Answer 1

Main artery leaving the heart to supply the body structures with nutrient and oxygen-rich blood they require

Question 2

Appendicular Skeleton

Answer 2

the bones of the skeleton that form the appendages; the framework for the arms and legs

Question 3

Arteries

Answer 3

thick-walled blood vessels that transport oxygenated blood away from the heart

Question 4

Arterioles

Answer 4

tiny branches of arteries

Question 5

Atria

Answer 5

two upper chambers of the four-chamber heart

Question 6

Atrioventricular (AV) Node

Answer 6

Transfers electrical impulses emitted by the sinoatrial node down to the ventricles to initiate their contraction

Question 7

Axial Skeleton

Answer 7

the skull, spine, and ribs portion of the skeleton

Question 8

Capillaries

Answer 8

thinnest and most numerous of blood vessels, providing a connection between arterioles and venules

Question 9

Cardiac Ventricles

Answer 9

two inferior chambers of the four-chamber heart

Question 10

Central Nervous System (CNS)

Answer 10

Consists of the brain and spinal cord

Question 11

Corpus Luteum

Answer 11

Cystic glandular mass formed from an empty ovarian follicle after ovulation. Releases the hormones estrogen and progesterone

Question 12

Diaphragm

Answer 12

Muscular partition separating the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities

Question 13

Diastole

Answer 13

Filling or relaxing phase of the heart

Question 14

Erythropoietin

Answer 14

Hormone released by the kidneys when inadequate oxygen levels are detected in the blood; notifies the bone marrow to increase production red blood cells

Question 15

Gametes

Answer 15

Sexual reproductive cells produced by the male and female gonads. Male spermatozoa and female ova whose union is necessary to produce new life.

Question 16

Gonads

Answer 16

the male testes and female ovaries

Question 17

Homeostasis

Answer 17

the equilibrium of the body’s normal physiological condition

Question 18

Hormones

Answer 18

Chemical “messengers” that transfer instructions from one set of cells to another. Manufactured and secreted into the bloodstream by various endocrine glands throughout the body.

Question 19

Inferior Vena Cava

Answer 19

One of the two major veins transporting deoxygenated blood into the right atrium of the heart from structures of the body that lie below the level of the heart.

Question 20

Joints

Answer 20

Articulations. Where bones of the skeleton are joined to another.

Question 21

Ligaments

Answer 21

Long, elastic connection between the bones of freely movable joints.

Question 22

Lymph

Answer 22

Interstitial fluid consisting of digested fats, water, protein, white blood cells, and tissue waste.

Question 23

Lymph Nodes

Answer 23

Concentration of tissue containing white blood cells -primarily lymphocytes- that filter lymph of foreign material

Question 24

Lymphocytes

Answer 24

type of white blood cell whose main function is to protect the body from disease-causing microorganisms

Question 25

Metabolism

Answer 25

the chemical reactions that occur in the body to maintain life

Question 26

Micturition

Answer 26

process by which the bladder expels urine through the urethra and discharges it from the body

Question 27

Myocardium

Answer 27

heart muscle

Question 28

Ovarian Follicle

Answer 28

Encasement of a mature ovum from an immature ovum (egg cell)

Question 29

Ovulation

Answer 29

discharge of a mature ovum from its ovarian follicle

Question 30

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Answer 30

Composed of all the nerves and nerve cells outside of the central nervous system

Question 31

Peristalsis

Answer 31

Wormlike motion that forces contents through the alimentary tract.

Question 32

Pleura

Answer 32

Double-walled sac surrounding the lungs

Question 33

Pulmonary Circulation

Answer 33

Transports blood from the heart to the lungs and back again

Question 34

Renin

Answer 34

Enzyme secreted by the kidneys to help control blood pressure

Question 35

Sinoatrial (SA) Node

Answer 35

The heart's natural pacemaker. Emits regular electrical impulses initiating contraction of the atria.

Question 36

Skeletal Muscle

Answer 36

The only voluntary muscle type in the body; one of three muscle types. Gives form and stability to the skeleton and enables it to move.

Question 37

Superior Vena Cava

Answer 37

One of the two major veins transporting deoxygenated blood into the right atrium of the heart from structures of the body that lie above the level of the heart.

Question 38

Systemic Circulation

Answer 38

Transports blood from the heart to all parts of the body (except the lungs) and back again.

Question 39

Systole

Answer 39

Pumping or contracting phase of the heart

Question 40

Tendons

Answer 40

Bands of tough, fibrous, flexible tissue that connect muscles to bones.

Question 41

Urine

Answer 41

Filtered waste from the blood that passes through through the kidneys. Contains products such as ammonia, bilirubin, drugs, and toxins.

Question 42

Veins

Answer 42

Thin-walled vessels that transport oxygen-depleted blood to the heart.

Question 43

Venules

Answer 43

Tiny branches of veins.