Chapter 5 Interdependent Body System Flashcards
Aorta
Main artery leaving the heart to supply the body structures with nutrient and oxygen-rich blood they require
Appendicular Skeleton
the bones of the skeleton that form the appendages; the framework for the arms and legs
Arteries
thick-walled blood vessels that transport oxygenated blood away from the heart
Arterioles
tiny branches of arteries
Atria
two upper chambers of the four-chamber heart
Atrioventricular (AV) Node
Transfers electrical impulses emitted by the sinoatrial node down to the ventricles to initiate their contraction
Axial Skeleton
the skull, spine, and ribs portion of the skeleton
Capillaries
thinnest and most numerous of blood vessels, providing a connection between arterioles and venules
Cardiac Ventricles
two inferior chambers of the four-chamber heart
Central Nervous System (CNS)
Consists of the brain and spinal cord
Corpus Luteum
Cystic glandular mass formed from an empty ovarian follicle after ovulation. Releases the hormones estrogen and progesterone
Diaphragm
Muscular partition separating the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities
Diastole
Filling or relaxing phase of the heart
Erythropoietin
Hormone released by the kidneys when inadequate oxygen levels are detected in the blood; notifies the bone marrow to increase production red blood cells
Gametes
Sexual reproductive cells produced by the male and female gonads. Male spermatozoa and female ova whose union is necessary to produce new life.
Gonads
the male testes and female ovaries
Homeostasis
the equilibrium of the body’s normal physiological condition
Hormones
Chemical “messengers” that transfer instructions from one set of cells to another. Manufactured and secreted into the bloodstream by various endocrine glands throughout the body.
Inferior Vena Cava
One of the two major veins transporting deoxygenated blood into the right atrium of the heart from structures of the body that lie below the level of the heart.
Joints
Articulations. Where bones of the skeleton are joined to another.
Ligaments
Long, elastic connection between the bones of freely movable joints.
Lymph
Interstitial fluid consisting of digested fats, water, protein, white blood cells, and tissue waste.
Lymph Nodes
Concentration of tissue containing white blood cells -primarily lymphocytes- that filter lymph of foreign material
Lymphocytes
type of white blood cell whose main function is to protect the body from disease-causing microorganisms
Metabolism
the chemical reactions that occur in the body to maintain life
Micturition
process by which the bladder expels urine through the urethra and discharges it from the body
Myocardium
heart muscle
Ovarian Follicle
Encasement of a mature ovum from an immature ovum (egg cell)
Ovulation
discharge of a mature ovum from its ovarian follicle
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
Composed of all the nerves and nerve cells outside of the central nervous system
Peristalsis
Wormlike motion that forces contents through the alimentary tract.
Pleura
Double-walled sac surrounding the lungs
Pulmonary Circulation
Transports blood from the heart to the lungs and back again
Renin
Enzyme secreted by the kidneys to help control blood pressure
Sinoatrial (SA) Node
The heart’s natural pacemaker. Emits regular electrical impulses initiating contraction of the atria.
Skeletal Muscle
The only voluntary muscle type in the body; one of three muscle types. Gives form and stability to the skeleton and enables it to move.
Superior Vena Cava
One of the two major veins transporting deoxygenated blood into the right atrium of the heart from structures of the body that lie above the level of the heart.
Systemic Circulation
Transports blood from the heart to all parts of the body (except the lungs) and back again.
Systole
Pumping or contracting phase of the heart
Tendons
Bands of tough, fibrous, flexible tissue that connect muscles to bones.
Urine
Filtered waste from the blood that passes through through the kidneys. Contains products such as ammonia, bilirubin, drugs, and toxins.
Veins
Thin-walled vessels that transport oxygen-depleted blood to the heart.
Venules
Tiny branches of veins.
