Chapter 5 - Intelligence Testing Flashcards
What was the original test of intelligence
The Binet-Simon scale of intelligence, he believed intelligence grew with age, he developed the concept of mental age
What is the formula for IQ
IQ = mental age divided by current age, then multiplied by 100
What is the average intelligence score
100
What were binets intentions
Practical guide to identify children who needed more specialist education, it wasn’t to be misused
What were the mental ages Goddard classes as idiots, imbeciles, and high grade defectives
Idiots - mental age under 3
Imbeciles- mental age 3-7 years
High grade defectives mental age 8-12
What was shocking about people with low mental ages
They were prevented from breeding
How was binets test used wrong in the US
immigrants were seen as feeble minded as test was not suited to them
How were immigrants mis represented in these tests
They could not do certain tests as they didn’t speak english and may have been illiterate all together
What happened to immigrants described as mental deficient
Deportations for mental deficiency increased, by 350% 1913, 570% 1914 then preceding 5 years
Which psychologist followed on from Binet in making an intelligence test
Goddard
He was much too harsh with his scale, as he mistranslated original scale
He received much criticism
Which psychologist from Harvard gained respect for his IQ testing
Robert m. Yerkes
Tested 1.75m army recruits
Measured mental age of recruits, and allocated to appropriate military rank
What 3 tests where included in yerkes IQ tests
Alpha test- literate
Beta test - literate who failed alpha
Interview- failed beta
What 3 topics did yerkes test include, and what did you need in order to complete it
Problem solving
General knowledge
Maths knowledge
You will of neede an education to be able to do these tests
What was the avearage mental age of white US males in America proposed by goddards scale
13 years
How were yerkes test culturally biased
Measure familiarity with American language/ culture
Not intelligence
How were yerkes tests not administered correctly
Illiterate men given alpha test
Beta test still required testing of numbers
Who did yerkes results influence social policy
The immigration to US actin 1924, imposed quotas on groups from southern and Eastern Europe
His research lead to greater support of eugenics
How could gallons eugenics discourage reproduction
Genetic defects or presumed to have negative traits, these are negative eugenics
How may galtons eugenicss encourage reproduction
You could inherit desirable traits, this would be positive eugenicss
When did the eugenics become a social popular movement
It peaked in the 1920s and 1930s
Why was carrie bucks mother institutionalised
She was instituinonalised for prostitution and having shyplillis, to the Virginia state colony for epileptics and feeble minded
When Carrie had a child in 1924 out of wedlock then instituinolanised, why ?
Low intellect
Feeble mindedness
Declared mentally incompetent
What happened to Carrie while in an institution
A prominent euginist testified against her
The court accepted
Even with no evidence of feeble mindedness trait
What happened to carries sister
Sterilised without knowledge, she only discovered her infertility 40 years later
Over how many people were sterilised in the US in the 20s and 30s
Over 64,000 people
Who were the sterilisation initially focused on
Disabled people
What did welcher believe intelligence was made up of
Made up of specific elements which can be measured individually but are also interrelated
Who were the welcher tests more suitable for
More suitable for adults
The binet tests were more focused on children
When was the welcher test originally made and when was it latest revised
Originally 1939
Revised in 2019, in 2008 it was revised to accommodate Flynn effect
For ages 16-90
What are some disadvantages with IQ testing
Individuawith low IQ score may feel less intelligent
Originally over weighted in verbal ability
Non-verbal tests instructions given verbally
Still one result to represent all of intelligence
What 3 types of tests have been developed now to test intelligence
Psychometric tests
Personality tests
Emotional intelligence
What categories to psychometrics tests asses
Specific disposition
Personality, beliefs, values and interests
Asses ability, and attainment
Application of psychometric tests
Wide range of uses like : education, employment, research
What is the basis of psychometric scoring
Provide indication of rank order, cannot be treated mathematically
Not a percentage
Not equal interval scale
What is reliability
How accurate or precise a test score is
Repeat test several times should get similar result
What is validity
Does the test actually measure what it claims to measure
Name some errors that could occur in the test of intelligence
Font not easily readable
Language of the text
Time of day- fatigue/ room
How would you reduce errors on your test
Use of standardised instructions
Test retest- test should produce consistent results
Test the reliability coefficient
What is face validity
Does test measure what it claims to measure
What is content validity
Are items representative of overall contracts of behaviour under investigation
What is criterion related validity
How well one measure predicts another measure
What is predictive validity
Test scores used to estimate outcome measures obtained later
What is concurrent validity
Extent to which results of a test correspondent to established test of same construct
Name 3 problems with psychometric testing
Accuracy of scoring
Appropriate use of norms
Proper test use
What could be considered an alternative to intelligence testing
Look to neuroscience instead with brain scanning to look for correlations
