Chapter 4 - Gender Identity Flashcards
What is gender
A state of being male of female, the gender we identify with
What is sex
You are born male or female, male has XY chromosomes, females have XX
How many pair of chromosomes does a human body have
23 pairs, each pair of chromosomes controls different aspects of development
What are hormones
Chemical messengers produced by specialised endocrine glands throughout the body
What are the main hot so all differences between men and women
Testosterone in men leads to development of male sex organs, this typically causes more agressive tendencies
Females usually have higher counts of oestrogen
Explain the 2D:4D ratio
Testosterone stimulates 4th ginger growth, oestrogen stimulates 2nd finger growth
What does a high 2D:4D ratio mean
Low testosterone
High oestrogen
What does a low 2D:4D ratio indicate
High testosterone
Low oestrogen
Males with low ratio are more likely to what ?
Take risks, finiacal and recreational
Could be dangerous hobbies
What is a key criticism of the ratio theory
Correlation does not mean causation !!
What Is gender indentity
The gender we acknowledge ourselves to be, it is irrespective of our biological sex
What nature differences makes us male or female
Biochemical differences in males and females, chromosome differences
What reasons in nurture make us male and female
Boys may play with different toys than girls and play in different way influenced by parents and peers
What did the doctor do to David reiner
Went to be circumsised, doctor botched the job up, was instead raised as a girl, dr. Money believe Bruce could be raised as female. Penis was castrated, acted as male throughout life, started to have problems in teens, in later life he became a male
What psychological damage did money cause to Bruce
Very troubled with psychiatrists from a young age
What in the end happened to Brian
He commited suicide and so did his brother a tragedy
What is gender dhysphoria
Biological one sense, but identify as the opposit gender
What psychological disorders may people with gender dysphoria suffer from
Disgust at own genetalia
Social isolation from peers
Very high rates of suicide
What treatment can be taken up by someone wanting to change sex
Cross-sec hormone treatment
What does hormone therapy do
Change physical appearance and feel more like acknowledged gender, allow person to start living in preferred gender
What are the names of the two hormone therapies
MtF - take oestrogen
FtM - take testosterone
At what age do people decide which gender they identify with
It can be at any age, they can have feelings through their life and just realise it at any point
