Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BIOL 201 > Chapter 5: Integumentary System > Flashcards

Chapter 5: Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

stratum corneum

A

1st superficial; 20-30 layers of dead cells filled w keratin; glycolipids for waterproofing; stratified cells called cornified/horny cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

stratum lucidum

A

2nd superficial; only thick skin; tonofilaments formed by keratohyalin granules sticking to keratin filaments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

stratum granulosum

A

3rd superficial; keratinization occurs; lamellar granules produce glycolipids; keratohyalin involved in keratin formation in more superficial layers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

keratinization

A

keratinocytes become dominated by keratin and their organelles decompose, the cell membrane gets thicker, a form of apoptosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

stratum spinosum

A

4th superficial; keratinocytes shrunk but held on by deosmosomes giving the “prickly” appearance; cells contain thick bundles of intermediate filaments called pre-keratin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

stratum basale

A

5th superficial; deepest layer; site of rapid mitotic division producing new keratinocytes; melanocytes present; and some dendritic cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

keratinocytes

A

epidermis-produce keratin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

melanocytes

A

epidermis-produce melanin, form melanosome granules that move and associate to the superficial side of keratinocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

dendritic cells

A

epidermis-also “langerhans cells” derived from bone marrow playing a part in the immune system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

tactile (merkel) cells

A

epidermis-at the epidermal-dermal junction, sensory receptors for touch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

epidermis

A

outer protective covering of the skin; avascular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

dermis

A

tough leathery layer full of fibrous connective tissue, fibroblasts, macrophages, mast cells, white blood cells, hair follicles, oil/sweat glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

fibroblast

A

produces collagen and other fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

macrophages

A

large phagocytotic cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

mast cells

A

release histamine, play a part in immune response and attracting other WBC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

cleavage (tension) lines

A

formed by less dense regions in the pockets of adipose, collagen fiber networks in the ECF of the cutaneous plexus; externally invisible - run longitudinally in the skin of the head and limbs, run circularly around the neck and the trunk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

cutaneous plexus

A

nourishes the reticular layer of the dermis, ECF has pockets of adipose tissue, and bundles of interlacing collagen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

clinical importance of cleavage lines

A

important for surgeons because when they make an incision parallel to these lines, the skin doesn’t gape as much and heals faster

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

flexure lines

A

externally visible, e.g. creases of the palms; created at or near joints where the dermis is more securely attached to the deeper structures below

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

papillary layer

A

dermis-thin layer made up of interlacing collagen and other fibers heavily invested w small blood vessels creating a loosely woven mat allowing phagocytes and defensive cells to patrol for bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

dermal papillae

A

indent the epidermis, can contain capillary loops, pain receptors, tactile receptors, or tactile (Meissner’s) corpuscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

friction ridges

A

formed by the epidermal and dermal ridges created by dermal papillae in thick skin; enhance grip ability and sense of touch e.g. fingertips

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

reticular layer

A

80% of thickness, coarse irregular arrangement of dense connective tissue, collagen fibers provide strength and resiliency, collagen also binds water for moisture, elastic fibers allow for stretch-recoil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

melanin

A

tyrosine polymer produced my tyrosinase of melanocytes - distributed to keratinocytes of the stratum basale

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

why do people have different skin colors?

A

we all have relatively the same # of melanocytes but differences in skin color arise from the different amount and types of melanin produced

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

tanning

A

visible darkening of skin - exposure to UV radiation causes faster DNA repair of photodamaged cells, triggers greater production of melanin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

carotene

A

yellow-orangey pigment - concentrated in thicker stratum corneum (palms and soles) and adipose tissue of the hypodermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

hemoglobin

A

binds oxygen in blood - turns red

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

pigment indicators of disease states

A 
C-cyanosis
E-erythema 
P-pallor or blanching
J-jaundice
B-bronzing 
B-bruising
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

cyanosis

A

bluing: lack of oxygen to hemoglobin - heart failure, severe respiratory disorders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

erythema

A

redness - embarrassment, hypertension, inflammation, allergy, fever

32
Q

pallor or blanching

A

turning pale - anger, emotional stress, anemia, low blood pressure

33
Q

jaundice

A

yellow- liver disease, bilirubin (yellow bile pigment) accumulates in the blood and distributed to tissues

34
Q

bronzing

A

metallic - adrenal cortex not producing enough steroid, pituitary gland tumours producing too much MSH

35
Q

MSH

A

melanocyte stimulating hormone

36
Q

bruising

A

black and blue - blood left circulation forming a hematoma

37
Q

hematoma

A

mass of blood clotted underneath the skin

38
Q

cadherins

A

calcium dependent adherins: cell adhesion molecules that are important in formation of adherens junctions

39
Q

epithelial bud

A

needs to form in order to form a skin appendage via lowered production of cadherins

40
Q

red hair

A

colored by iron containing component trichosiderin

41
Q

main regions of hair

A
  1. shaft

2. root

42
Q

concentric regions of hair shaft

A
  1. cuticle
  2. cortex
  3. medulla
43
Q

medulla

A

innermost region; large cells with air spaces, containing soft keratin; absent in vellus hair

44
Q

vellus hair

A

fine hair

45
Q

terminal hair

A

thick, dark, coarse hair

46
Q

cortex

A

several flattened cells covering the medulla

47
Q

cuticle

A

outermost region; heavily keratinized overlapping arrangement of shingle-like dead cells – separates each hair shaft to avoid matting

48
Q

hair follicle

A
  1. peripheral connective tissue derived from the dermis
  2. glassy membrane (thickened basal lamina)
  3. epithelial root sheath (inner and outer)
  4. hair root (cuticle, cortex, medulla)
  5. hair matrix
  6. hair papilla
49
Q

hair matrix

A

actively dividing

50
Q

hair papilla

A

contains capillary knot protruding into hair bulb, nourishes the hair matrix, signals for growth

51
Q

root hair plexus

A

hair follicle receptor surrounding the hair bulb - makes hairs sensory receptors for touch

52
Q

arrector pili

A

contractions force the hair upright going out of the skin, dimples the skin as goosebumps, functionally important to force sebum out of the hair

53
Q

hirsutism

A

excessive hairiness resulting from adrenal gland or ovarian tumour secreting too much androgens

54
Q

male pattern baldness

A

delayed-action gene changes response to DHT such that hair follicle lifespan is incredibly short

55
Q

DHT

A

dihydrotestosterone

56
Q

yellow-tinged nails

A

thyroid or respiratory disorder

57
Q

thick yellow nails

A

fungal infection

58
Q

Beau’s Lines

A

horizontal lines on the nails; malnutrition

59
Q

outward concavity of the nails

A

iron deficiency

60
Q

sudoriferous glands

A

sweat glands

61
Q

myoepithelial cells

A

associated with sweat glands, specialized cells that contract when stimulated by the nervous system, push sweat through the duct to the skin surface

62
Q

merocrine glands

A

secrete by exocytosis

63
Q

horocrine glands

A

build up secretion until they become so enlarged they burst

64
Q

eccrine glands

A

merocrine sweat gland; palms, soles, forehead; temperature regulation, duct opens at the skin surface

65
Q

sweat

A

99% water, vitamin C, antibodies, dermicidin, salts, traces of metabolic wastes

66
Q

dermicidin

A

microbe killing peptide found in sweat

67
Q

apocrine glands

A

merocrine glands; armpits, anogenital, duct opens into the dermis, lies deeper than eccrine, secretes something similar to sweat with addition of proteins and fatty substances

68
Q

mammary glands

A

specialized apocrine; secrete milk

69
Q

ceruminous glands

A

specialized apocrine; lining of external ear canal, mix with sebum to produce cerum

70
Q

cerum

A

ear wax

71
Q

sebaceous glands

A

simple alveolar glands all over the body except palms and soles

72
Q

sebum

A

lubricates hair and skin, prevents water loss; bactericidal properties

73
Q

defensins

A

natural antibiotics secreted by skin cells

74
Q

cathelicidins

A

protective peptide secreted by wounded skin

75
Q

oleoresins

A

plant poisons like poison ivy or poison oak that can enter the skin

BIOL 201 (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions