Chapter 5: Integumentary System

Question 1

What determines your skin color?

Answer 1

The size and distribution of melanosomes

Question 2

Name the layers of the epidermis from top to bottom

Answer 2

1. stratum basale
2. stratum spinosum
3. stratum granulosum
4. stratum lucidum
5. stratum corneum

Question 3

Which type of skin has all five epithelial strata?

Answer 3

thick skin: found in palms of hands and feet

Question 4

Which layer of epidermis is not in thin skin?

Answer 4

Stratum lucidum

Question 5

Produces melanin inside melanosomes and then transfer the melanin to keratinocytes

Answer 5

melanocytes

Question 6

How is melanin production determined?

Answer 6

genetics, but ultraviolet light and hormones can influence it

Question 7

What is carotene?

Answer 7

An ingested plant pigment, can cause skin to appear yellowish

Question 8

What happens when the blood flow is increased?

Answer 8

skin produces red color

Question 9

What happens when skin is pale?

Answer 9

decreased blood flow

Question 10

What is it called when there is a decreased oxygen content and the skin turns blue?

Answer 10

cyanosis

Question 11

What type of epithelial tissue is the epidermis?

Answer 11

stratified squamous

Question 12

What are the two layers of connective tissue?

Answer 12

1. papillary layer

2. reticular layer

Question 13

what does the papillary layer in connective tissue project?

Answer 13

dermal papillae

Question 14

What is the dermal papillae composed of?

Answer 14

loose connective tissue

Question 15

Which layer of connective tissue makes finger prints?

Answer 15

papillary layer

Question 16

What layer of the connective tissue is thicker?

Answer 16

reticular

Question 17

what kind of tissue is the reticular layer of connective tissue made up of?

Answer 17

dense irregular connective tissue consisting of mostly collagen

Question 18

In the reticular layer, what does the parallel collagen fibers form?

Answer 18

cleavage lines

Question 19

Where is the hypodermis located and what kind of tissue is it made up of?

Answer 19

beneath the dermis (not a part of the skin) and loose connective tissue

Question 20

In the hypodermis, what does the loose connective tissue contain?

Answer 20

collagen and elastic fibers

Question 21

In the hypodermis, what attaches the skin to underlying structures and is the fat storage?

Answer 21

subcutaneous

Question 22

What are the two types of hair types and their difference?

Answer 22

1. Terminal: scalp, eyebrows and eyelids

2. Vellus: all over the body some and some can be replaced at puberty

Question 23

What kind of hair gets replaced near the time of birth by terminal hair

Answer 23

lanugo hair

Question 24

What are the three parts of the hair?

Answer 24

1. shaft
2. root
3. hair bulb

Question 25

What are the root and shaft composed of?

Answer 25

dead keratinzed epithelial cells

Question 26

what is in the center of of the root and shaft?

Answer 26

a cortex: containing hard keratin that surrounds a medulla

Question 27

What is the medulla composed of?

Answer 27

cells containing soft keratin

Question 28

cortex is covered by what?

Answer 28

the cuticle, single layer of cells filled with hard keratin

Question 29

What happens when the cuticle wears down?

Answer 29

1. hair bulb produces hair in cycles, with a growth and a resting stage 2. hair color is determined by the amount of melanin present

Question 30

What are the structures associated with hair?

Answer 30

1. sebaccous gland 2. arrector pili muscle 3. nerve endings near the root

Question 31

What type of muscle is the arrector pili muscle?

Answer 31

smooth muscle

Question 32

What causes goosebumps?

Answer 32

contraction of arrector pili muscle

Question 33

What glands produces sebum?

Answer 33

sebaccous gland

Question 34

what gland produces sweat, resulting in cooling the body

Answer 34

eccrine sweat gland

Question 35

What gland produces organic secretion that can be broken down by bacteria to cause body odor

Answer 35

apocrine sweat gland

Question 36

What part of the nail is covered by the skin?

Answer 36

nail root

Question 37

What part of the nail is visible?

Answer 37

nail body

Question 38

What is the nail body composed of?

Answer 38

stratum corneum, several layers of cells containing hard keratin

Question 39

what is the stratum corneum superficial to nail body

Answer 39

eponychium

Question 40

What is the stratum corneum beneath the free edge of the nail body

Answer 40

hyponchium

Question 41

In the nail that is pale crescent area at the base of the nail formed by matrix

Answer 41

Lunula

Question 42

what are the 5 functions of the integumentary system?

Answer 42

1. protection 2. sensation 3. temperature regulation 4. Vitamin D 5. excretion

Question 43

What is the reason for protection? a. skin b. hair c. nail

Answer 43

a. skin protect against abrasion and UV lights, prevent entry of microorganisms, help regulate body temp, prevent water loss b. hair protects against abrasion and ultraviolet light and is a heat insulator c. nails protect the ends of the digits

Question 44

What is the reason for sensation?

Answer 44

skin contains receptors for pain, temp, hot, cold and pressure that allow proper response to environment

Question 45

What is the reason for temperature regulation?

Answer 45

a. through dilation and constriction of blood vessels, the skin controls heat loss from the body b. sweat glands produce sweat, which evaporate and lowers body temperature

Question 46

What is the reason for Vitamin D production?

Answer 46

a. skin exposed to UV light produces cholecalciferol, modified in the liver and then in kidneys to form active vitamin D b. Vitamin D increases blood Ca levels by promoting calcium uptake from the small intestine, Ca release from bone, and the reduction of Ca loss from the kidneys

Question 47

What is the reason for Excretion?

Answer 47

skin glands remove small amounts of waste products