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A&P Exam 2 > Chapter 5: Integumentary System > Flashcards

Chapter 5: Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

What determines your skin color?

A

The size and distribution of melanosomes

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2
Q

Name the layers of the epidermis from top to bottom

A
  1. stratum basale
  2. stratum spinosum
  3. stratum granulosum
  4. stratum lucidum
  5. stratum corneum
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3
Q

Which type of skin has all five epithelial strata?

A

thick skin: found in palms of hands and feet

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4
Q

Which layer of epidermis is not in thin skin?

A

Stratum lucidum

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5
Q

Produces melanin inside melanosomes and then transfer the melanin to keratinocytes

A

melanocytes

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6
Q

How is melanin production determined?

A

genetics, but ultraviolet light and hormones can influence it

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7
Q

What is carotene?

A

An ingested plant pigment, can cause skin to appear yellowish

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8
Q

What happens when the blood flow is increased?

A

skin produces red color

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9
Q

What happens when skin is pale?

A

decreased blood flow

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10
Q

What is it called when there is a decreased oxygen content and the skin turns blue?

A

cyanosis

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11
Q

What type of epithelial tissue is the epidermis?

A

stratified squamous

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12
Q

What are the two layers of connective tissue?

A
  1. papillary layer

2. reticular layer

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13
Q

what does the papillary layer in connective tissue project?

A

dermal papillae

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14
Q

What is the dermal papillae composed of?

A

loose connective tissue

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15
Q

Which layer of connective tissue makes finger prints?

A

papillary layer

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16
Q

What layer of the connective tissue is thicker?

A

reticular

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17
Q

what kind of tissue is the reticular layer of connective tissue made up of?

A

dense irregular connective tissue consisting of mostly collagen

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18
Q

In the reticular layer, what does the parallel collagen fibers form?

A

cleavage lines

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19
Q

Where is the hypodermis located and what kind of tissue is it made up of?

A

beneath the dermis (not a part of the skin) and loose connective tissue

20
Q

In the hypodermis, what does the loose connective tissue contain?

A

collagen and elastic fibers

21
Q

In the hypodermis, what attaches the skin to underlying structures and is the fat storage?

A

subcutaneous

22
Q

What are the two types of hair types and their difference?

A
  1. Terminal: scalp, eyebrows and eyelids

2. Vellus: all over the body some and some can be replaced at puberty

23
Q

What kind of hair gets replaced near the time of birth by terminal hair

A

lanugo hair

24
Q

What are the three parts of the hair?

A
  1. shaft
  2. root
  3. hair bulb
25
Q

What are the root and shaft composed of?

A

dead keratinzed epithelial cells

26
Q

what is in the center of of the root and shaft?

A

a cortex: containing hard keratin that surrounds a medulla

27
Q

What is the medulla composed of?

A

cells containing soft keratin

28
Q

cortex is covered by what?

A

the cuticle, single layer of cells filled with hard keratin

29
Q

What happens when the cuticle wears down?

A
  1. hair bulb produces hair in cycles, with a growth and a resting stage
  2. hair color is determined by the amount of melanin present
30
Q

What are the structures associated with hair?

A
  1. sebaccous gland
  2. arrector pili muscle
  3. nerve endings near the root
31
Q

What type of muscle is the arrector pili muscle?

A

smooth muscle

32
Q

What causes goosebumps?

A

contraction of arrector pili muscle

33
Q

What glands produces sebum?

A

sebaccous gland

34
Q

what gland produces sweat, resulting in cooling the body

A

eccrine sweat gland

35
Q

What gland produces organic secretion that can be broken down by bacteria to cause body odor

A

apocrine sweat gland

36
Q

What part of the nail is covered by the skin?

A

nail root

37
Q

What part of the nail is visible?

A

nail body

38
Q

What is the nail body composed of?

A

stratum corneum, several layers of cells containing hard keratin

39
Q

what is the stratum corneum superficial to nail body

A

eponychium

40
Q

What is the stratum corneum beneath the free edge of the nail body

A

hyponchium

41
Q

In the nail that is pale crescent area at the base of the nail formed by matrix

A

Lunula

42
Q

what are the 5 functions of the integumentary system?

A
  1. protection
  2. sensation
  3. temperature regulation
  4. Vitamin D
  5. excretion
43
Q

What is the reason for protection?

a. skin
b. hair
c. nail

A

a. skin protect against abrasion and UV lights, prevent entry of microorganisms, help regulate body temp, prevent water loss
b. hair protects against abrasion and ultraviolet light and is a heat insulator
c. nails protect the ends of the digits

44
Q

What is the reason for sensation?

A

skin contains receptors for pain, temp, hot, cold and pressure that allow proper response to environment

45
Q

What is the reason for temperature regulation?

A

a. through dilation and constriction of blood vessels, the skin controls heat loss from the body
b. sweat glands produce sweat, which evaporate and lowers body temperature

46
Q

What is the reason for Vitamin D production?

A

a. skin exposed to UV light produces cholecalciferol, modified in the liver and then in kidneys to form active vitamin D
b. Vitamin D increases blood Ca levels by promoting calcium uptake from the small intestine, Ca release from bone, and the reduction of Ca loss from the kidneys

47
Q

What is the reason for Excretion?

A

skin glands remove small amounts of waste products

A&P Exam 2 (2 decks)

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