Chapter 5: Integumentary System Flashcards
What determines your skin color?
The size and distribution of melanosomes
Name the layers of the epidermis from top to bottom
- stratum basale
- stratum spinosum
- stratum granulosum
- stratum lucidum
- stratum corneum
Which type of skin has all five epithelial strata?
thick skin: found in palms of hands and feet
Which layer of epidermis is not in thin skin?
Stratum lucidum
Produces melanin inside melanosomes and then transfer the melanin to keratinocytes
melanocytes
How is melanin production determined?
genetics, but ultraviolet light and hormones can influence it
What is carotene?
An ingested plant pigment, can cause skin to appear yellowish
What happens when the blood flow is increased?
skin produces red color
What happens when skin is pale?
decreased blood flow
What is it called when there is a decreased oxygen content and the skin turns blue?
cyanosis
What type of epithelial tissue is the epidermis?
stratified squamous
What are the two layers of connective tissue?
- papillary layer
2. reticular layer
what does the papillary layer in connective tissue project?
dermal papillae
What is the dermal papillae composed of?
loose connective tissue
Which layer of connective tissue makes finger prints?
papillary layer
What layer of the connective tissue is thicker?
reticular
what kind of tissue is the reticular layer of connective tissue made up of?
dense irregular connective tissue consisting of mostly collagen
In the reticular layer, what does the parallel collagen fibers form?
cleavage lines
Where is the hypodermis located and what kind of tissue is it made up of?
beneath the dermis (not a part of the skin) and loose connective tissue
In the hypodermis, what does the loose connective tissue contain?
collagen and elastic fibers
In the hypodermis, what attaches the skin to underlying structures and is the fat storage?
subcutaneous
What are the two types of hair types and their difference?
- Terminal: scalp, eyebrows and eyelids
2. Vellus: all over the body some and some can be replaced at puberty
What kind of hair gets replaced near the time of birth by terminal hair
lanugo hair
What are the three parts of the hair?
- shaft
- root
- hair bulb
What are the root and shaft composed of?
dead keratinzed epithelial cells
what is in the center of of the root and shaft?
a cortex: containing hard keratin that surrounds a medulla
What is the medulla composed of?
cells containing soft keratin
cortex is covered by what?
the cuticle, single layer of cells filled with hard keratin
What happens when the cuticle wears down?
- hair bulb produces hair in cycles, with a growth and a resting stage
- hair color is determined by the amount of melanin present
What are the structures associated with hair?
- sebaccous gland
- arrector pili muscle
- nerve endings near the root
What type of muscle is the arrector pili muscle?
smooth muscle
What causes goosebumps?
contraction of arrector pili muscle
What glands produces sebum?
sebaccous gland
what gland produces sweat, resulting in cooling the body
eccrine sweat gland
What gland produces organic secretion that can be broken down by bacteria to cause body odor
apocrine sweat gland
What part of the nail is covered by the skin?
nail root
What part of the nail is visible?
nail body
What is the nail body composed of?
stratum corneum, several layers of cells containing hard keratin
what is the stratum corneum superficial to nail body
eponychium
What is the stratum corneum beneath the free edge of the nail body
hyponchium
In the nail that is pale crescent area at the base of the nail formed by matrix
Lunula
what are the 5 functions of the integumentary system?
- protection
- sensation
- temperature regulation
- Vitamin D
- excretion
What is the reason for protection?
a. skin
b. hair
c. nail
a. skin protect against abrasion and UV lights, prevent entry of microorganisms, help regulate body temp, prevent water loss
b. hair protects against abrasion and ultraviolet light and is a heat insulator
c. nails protect the ends of the digits
What is the reason for sensation?
skin contains receptors for pain, temp, hot, cold and pressure that allow proper response to environment
What is the reason for temperature regulation?
a. through dilation and constriction of blood vessels, the skin controls heat loss from the body
b. sweat glands produce sweat, which evaporate and lowers body temperature
What is the reason for Vitamin D production?
a. skin exposed to UV light produces cholecalciferol, modified in the liver and then in kidneys to form active vitamin D
b. Vitamin D increases blood Ca levels by promoting calcium uptake from the small intestine, Ca release from bone, and the reduction of Ca loss from the kidneys
What is the reason for Excretion?
skin glands remove small amounts of waste products
