Chapter 5: Integumentary System

Question 0

The six functions of the integumentary system (mainly the skin) include:

Answer 0

1) regulating body temperature
2) storing blood
3) protecting the body from external environment
4) detecting cutaneous sensations
5) excreting and absorbing substances
6) synthesizing vitamin D

Question 1

The integumentary system is composed of five elements.

What are they?

Answer 1

Skin, hair, oil and sweat glands, nails, and sensory receptors.

Question 2

The _______ is also known as the cutaneous membrane. It consists of two main parts:

1) _______: The superficial, center portion, which is composed of epithelial tissue.
2) _______: The deeper, thicker, connective tissue portion.

Answer 2

Skin, epidermis, dermis.

Question 3

Deep to the dermis, but not part of the skin, is the ________, also known as the hypodermis.

Answer 3

Subcutaneous layer.

Question 4

Which one is not part of the skin?

The epidermis, dermis, or subcutaneous layer?

Answer 4

The subcutaneous layer is not part of the skin.

Question 5

The epidermis is composed of keratinized _________________________.

Answer 5

Stratified squamous epithelium.

Question 6

About 90% of epidermal cells are ______________ ; that is, they are the predominant cells in the epidermis.

Answer 6

Keratinocytes.

Question 7

Define keratin.

Answer 7

A top, fibrous protein that helps protect the skin.

Question 8

In most regions of the body, the epidermis has ___ strata or layers.
This is called thin skin/ thick skin.

Answer 8

4, Thin skin.

Question 9

Where exposure to friction is greatest, such as in the fingertips, palms, and soles, the epidermis has ___ layers. This is called thin skin/ thick skin.

Answer 9

Five, thick skin.

Question 10

List the layers of the thick skin from the most superficial to the deepest.
(Remember the stalk of corn.)

Answer 10

1) stratum corneum (corn at its fullest/thickest)
2) stratum lucidum (lucid; light for corn to become its fullest/thickest; without lucidum, the thin skin occurs.)
3) stratum granulosum (granules; before corn ripens)
4) stratum spinosum (spine; strength of the stalk of corn)
5) stratum basale (base; soil; the deepest layer, where it all begins)

Question 11

Which layer is present in the thick skin but not in the thin skin?

Answer 11

Stratum lucidum.

Question 12

Which layer consists on average of 20 to 30 layers of flattened dead keratinocytes?

Answer 12

stratum corneum

Question 13

Define keratinization.

Answer 13

The process by which cells form in the stratum basale, rise to the surface, become keratinized, and slough off.
(Basically, the lifecycle of skin cells.)

Question 14

How long does it take for cells to form in the stratum basale, rise to the surface, become keratinized, and slough off?

Answer 14

Approximately 4 to 6 weeks, or about a month.

Question 15

Describe the hair shaft.

Answer 15

Looks like hair protruding from the top layer of the skin.

Question 16

What does dermal papillae look like?

Answer 16

Sort of resembles an egg carton shape or soundproofing foam, located in the epidermis.

Question 17

What does a sweat pore look like?

Answer 17

He very small, fishing hook shaped hole located among the hair shafts in the epidermis.

Question 18

What does a sebaceous oil gland look like?

Answer 18

Located in the dermis, it almost resembles a flower shape in the upper portion of the dermis.

Question 19

What does arrector pilli muscle look like?

Answer 19

Located just below the sebaceous oil gland, in the dermis, the muscle almost looks like a vulva.

Question 20

What does a hair follicle look like?

Answer 20

Located almost entirely through the dermis, you can see the hair shaft going down into what it almost appears to be a flame shape. The external portion of the flame is the hair follicle.

Question 21

What does the hair root look like?

Answer 21

Located almost entirely through the dermis, you can see the hair shaft going down into what it almost appears to be a flame shape.
The internal portion of the flame is the hair root.

Question 22

What does the eccrine sweat gland look like?

Answer 22

Located in almost the center of the dermis layer, it is the gland that appears to be almost like a messy soft serve ice cream.

Question 23

What does the apocrine sweat gland look like?

Answer 23

Below the eccrine sweat gland, this gland looks very similar in the dermis but is much deeper.