Chapter 4: Tissue Flashcards
What is tissue?
A group of cells that usually have a common origin and function to carry out specialized activities.
What is the study of tissues called?
Histology
What are the four basic types of tissues?
Epithelial, connective, muscular, and nervous.
What does avascular mean?
It does not have a blood supply.
Which tissue is avascular?
Epithelial tissue is avascular.
Which tissue is the most abundant and widely distributed in the body?
Connective tissue
Define cell junction.
Contact points between the plasma membranes off tissue cells.
What are the five types of cell junctions?
TAGHD
Tight, adherens, desmosomes, hemidesmosomes, and gap junctions.
(TAGHD)
Which type of cell junction functions in communications between adjacent cells?
Gap junctions.
Epithelial tissue, also called ________ (plural is ________) consists of cells arranged in continuous sheets, in epithet single or multiple layers.
Epithelium, epithelia
Epithelial tissue has its own nerve supply, but is avascular/vascular, relying on the blood vessels of the adjacent connective tissue to bring nutrients and remove wastes.
Avascular
Epithelial tissue may be divided into two types:
A) ________, which forms the outer covering the inner lining; and
B) ________, which makes up the secreting portion of glands.
Simple, stratified
Types of covering and lining epithelial tissue are classified according to two characteristics:
A) the ________ of cells into layers
B) the ________ of the cells
Arrangement, shape
What are the four types of simple epithelium?
A) squamous (squashed)
B) cuboidal (cube shaped)
C) columnar (columns)
D) pseudostratified columnar (columnar, but appears to have several layers)
What are the four types of stratified epithelium?
A) stratified squamous (layered, squashed)
B) stratified cuboidal (layered, cube shaped)
C) stratified columnar (layered, columns)
D) transitional (cuboidal transitioning into squamous)
What type of epithelial tissue is keratinized when surface cells become dead and hardened?
Stratified squamous epithelium
Which type of epithelial tissue allows diffusion of gases and nutrients?
Simple squamous
Which type of epithelial tissue lines the urinary bladder and parts of the ureters and urethra where it permits dissension of the organs?
Transitional
Endocrine/exocrine glands secrete hormones that enter the interstitial fluid and then diffuse directly into the bloodstream without flowing through a duct.
Endocrine
Endocrine/exocrine glands secrete their products into ducts that empty onto the surface of a covering and lining epithelium such as the skin surface.
Exocrine.
Connected tissue consists of two basic elements.
What are they?
Cells and extracellular matrix.
Unlike epithelial tissue which is vascular/avascular, connective tissue usually is vascular/avascular; that is, it has a rich blood supply.
Avascular, vascular.
The extracellular matrix of connective tissue consists of two major components. What are they?
The ground substance and fibers.
Which type of fibers form the stroma of many soft organs?
Reticular fibers.
Ability to regenerate tissue depends on three things.
What are they?
Nutrition, circulation, and age.
Vitamin C/ vitamin D is needed for normal production and maintenance of connective tissue.
Vitamin C.
Cartilage is one type of mature connected tissue. Because cartilage is a vascular, it is relatively inactive tissue that grows slowly and regenerates proceeds quickly/slowly.
Cartilage regenerates slowly.
Epithelial regenerate easily and well. True or false?
True.
