Chapter 5 Implantation And Placenta Development Flashcards
It is the area of villi in contact with the decidua basalis.
Chorion frondosum
What is the average duration o a normal menstrual cycle?
25-32 days
Of 2 million oocytes in the human ovary present at birth, how many are present at the onset of puberty?
400,000 million
What days are characterized by predecidual cells, which surround the spiral arterioles?
Days 23 to 28
Mediates a unique fetal-maternal communication system, which creates a hormonal environment that initally maintains pregnancy and parturition.
Placenta
Remaining follicles are depleted at approximately what rate per month until age 35.
1000 follicles per month
How many follicles are released during normal female reproductive life?
400 follicles
What enzyme is present in the granulosa cells which converts androstenedione into estradiol?
P450 aromatase
What is a precursor of estradiol?
Androstenedione
Onset of gonadotropin surge occurs how many hours before an ovum is relased from the follicle?
34 to 36 hours
What is an important source of cholesterol for steroidogenesis?
Low density lipoprotein (LDL)
What days during mid to late secretory phase does the stroma becomes edematous?
Days 21 to 24
LH secretion peaks how many hours before ovulation?
10 - 12 hours
Corpus Luteum develops from the dominant Graafian follicle remains in a process referred to as
Luteinization
Changes within the endometrium also can mark the window of implantation seen on days?
Days 22 and 25
What is the primary leutotropic factor responsible for corpus luteum maintenance?
Leutinizing Hormone (LH)
Ovarian progesterone peaks how many mg/day during midluteal phase?
25 to 50mg/day
In the absence of pregnancy, how many days will the corpus luteum rapidly regress after ovulation via apoptotic cell death?
9 to 11 days
Most biologically potent naturally occuring estrogen.
17B-estradiol
The superficial endometrium that is shed of during menstruation
Functionalis layer
What is an essential hormonal signal on which most events in the normal menstrual cycle depends?
Estrogen
Progesterone enters cell by
Diffusion
What is released after ovulation?
Corpus luteum
A prostaglandin that appears to be luteolytic
Prostaglandin F2a(PGf2a)
What day does the glandular cell mitosis ceases in response to rising progesterone levels?
Day 19
On what days does the stromal cells surrounding the spiral arterioles begin to enlarge and stromal mitosis becomes apparent?
Days 22 to 25
The deeper layer of the endometrium that regenerates after menstruation
Basalis layer
What phase is the most important factor in endometrial recovery following menstruation?
Follicular-phase estradiol production
By how many days of the endometrial cycle does the epithelial surface be restored?
5th day of menses
These are luminal protrutions on the apical cell surface that is important in preparation for blastocyst implantantion.
Pinopodes
What is the first sign of ovulation?
Subnuclear vacuoles and pseudostratification
What day during post ovulatory phase does the vacuoles move to apical portion of nonciliated cells?
Day 18
What is the name given to the phenomenon that describes how fetal cells can become engrafted in the mother during pregnancy and then be identified decades later?
Microchimerism
End-diastolic bloodflow can be identified in the fetal umbilical artery by the end of which week of pregnancy?
10th week
It is a failure of the intraabdominal portion of the umbilical vesicle to atrophy.
Meckel diverticulum
Gives rise to the chorionic structures that transport oxygen and nutrients between fetus and mother
Villous trophoblast
Remodeling of maternal spiral arteries by invading trophoblasts is completed by which week(s) of pregnancy?
12–16 weeks
Maternal regulation o trophoblast invasion and vascular growth is mainly controlled by
Decidual natural killer (DNK) cells
A zone of fibrinoid degeneration where the invading trophoblast and decidua meet.
Nitabuch layer
At 5 days postfertilization, the blastocyst is released and hatched from which surrounding structure?
Zona pellucida
