Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Hematology > Chapter 5 Immune System MDT > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Immune System MDT Flashcards

1
Q

Immunologically mediated hypersensitivity reaction to a foreign antigen manifested by tissue inflammation and organ dysfunction

A

Allergy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The expression of allergic disease depends on:

A

Prior immunologic responsiveness

Antigen exposure

Genetically influenced host factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Immediate allergic reaction

A

Within 60 minutes of exposure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Delayed allergic reaction

A

Many hours to days/weeks after exposure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The most serious and potentially life-threatening manifestation of mast cell and basophil mediator release

A

Anaphylaxis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Anaphylaxis is defined by:

Allergen exposure followed by the acute onset of illness involving:

A

Skin or mucosal tissue and either respiratory compromise or hypotension
(Systolic less than 90; or 30% less than baseline)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Anaphylaxis is defined by:

LIKELY allergen followed by the acute onset of TWO or more of the following conditions:

A

Skin or mucosal tissue involvement, respiratory compromise, hypotension, and persistent GI symptoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Anaphylaxis is defined by:

KNOWN allergen exposure followed by:

A

Hypotension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Most acute systemic food allergy is caused by:

A

Proteins in milk

Egg

Wheat

Soy

Fish

Shellfish

Peanuts

Tree nuts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The most common causes of food anaphylaxis in adults

A

Shellfish, peanuts, and tree nuts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Diagnosis of food allergy relies on a combination of:

A

History

Skin tests

Specific IgE tests

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Allergic reaction:

Symptoms and signs typically occur within __ minutes of initial exposure buy may appear several hours later

A

30 minutes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Symptoms/Physical Exam Findings:

  • Skin manifestations, urticaria, flushing, rashes, pruritus
  • Respiratory distress; wheezing, stridor, bronchospasm, airway angioedema
  • GI symptoms; cramping, emesis, diarrhea (Food allergy)
  • Hypotension; light headedness, dizziness, syncope
A

Allergic Reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Cornerstone of therapy for anaphylaxis

A

IM Epinephrine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Delayed repeat anaphylaxis can be up to __ hours after initial treatment

A

4 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Patients with new or unexplained onset of anaphylaxis should be evaluated by:

A

An allergist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Formation of an allergen mediated rash

A

Urticaria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Wheals or hives

Itching

Acute/self-limited (1-2 weeks)

A

Urticaria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Chronic urticaria

A

Episodes lasting longer than 6 weeks

20
Q

Urticaria immunologic mechanism is mediated by:

A

IgE

21
Q

Symptoms/Physical findings:

  • Lesions are itchy, red swellings of a few mm to a few cm
  • Individual lesions last less than 24 hours, often only 2-4 hours
A

Urticaria

22
Q

In cholinergic urticaria, triggered by a rise in core body temperature, wheals are:

A

2-3 mm with large surrounding red flare

23
Q

Papular urticaria resulting from insect bites persists for:

A

Days

24
Q

Allergic plant dermatitis, streaked urticarial lesions may be seen in:

A

24-48 hours

25
Q

Treatment for:

Urticaria

A

Antihistamines

26
Q

Acute urticaria usually only lasts:

A

Few days to weeks

27
Q

Complications from urticaria:

A

Cellulitis from intense itching

Anaphylaxis

Asthma

28
Q

Swelling of vascular tissue involving deeper subcutaneous tissue with swelling of the lips, eyelids, palms, soles, and genitalia

A

Angioedema

29
Q

Triggers of angioedema

A

NSAIDS

ACE inhibitors

Estrogens

ASA

CCBs

Amiodarone

30
Q

Treatment for angioedema

A

Monitor for airway compromise and intubate

31
Q

Treatment for:

Angioedema that develops anaphylaxis

A

Epinephrine

Antihistamines

Steroids

32
Q

Inflammatory autoimmune disorder characterized by autoantibodies to nuclear antigens.

Effects multiple organ systems

A

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

33
Q

Lupus occurs mainly in:

A

Young women (85%)

34
Q

Classic presentation of lupus

A

Malar rash (butterfly)

35
Q

Lupus:

Joint symptoms in __% of patients

A

90%

36
Q

Systemic features:

Fever, anorexia, malaise, weight loss.

Butterfly rash

Alopecia

Mucous membrane lesions

A

Lupus

37
Q

Ocular manifestations of lupus:

A

Conjunctivitis

Photophobia

Transient or permanent monocular blindness

Blurring vision

38
Q

Respiratory manifestations of lupus:

A

Pleurisy

Pleural effusion

Bronchopneumonia

Pneumonitis

39
Q

Cardiac manifestations of Lupus

A

Pericardium is affected

Heart failure from myocarditis and HTN

Cardiac arrythmias

40
Q

Neurological complications from Lupus

A

Psychosis

Cognitive impairment

Seizures

Peripheral and cranial neuropathies

Transverse Myelitis

Strokes

41
Q

Antibody tests are nearly 100% sensitive for SLE but not specific

A

Antinuclear antibody tests

42
Q

Labs:

Lupus

A

Antinuclear antibody test

Sedimentation rate and CRP (Inflammation)

Anemia and thrombocytopenia (CBC)

LFTs, BUN/Creatinine (Liver/Kidney involvement)

43
Q

Treatment for SLE patients:

A

Education and emotional support

Caution against sun exposure (skin lesions respond to corticosteroids)

NSAIDs (Joint symptoms)

44
Q

Systemic treatment for SLE is only prescribed by:

A

Rheumatologists

45
Q

Initial care/follow up:

SLE

A

Check for antibodies with Antinuclear antibody test (ANA) and if positive refer to Rheumatologist

46
Q

Long Term Complications:

SLE

A

Joint destruction and multisystem dysfunction

Hematology (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions