Chapter 5: Human Movement Science

Question 0

Superior

Answer 0

• Positioned ABOVE a point of reference.

Question 1

Biomechanics

Answer 1

• The science concerned with the internal and external forces acting on the human body and the effects produced by these forces.

Question 2

Inferior

Answer 2

• Positioned below a point of reference.

Question 3

Proximal

Answer 3

• Positioned nearest the center of the body, or point of reference.

Question 4

Distal-

Answer 4

Positioned farthest from the center of the body, or point of reference.

Question 5

Anterior (or ventral)

Answer 5

• on the front of the body.

Question 6

Posterior (or dorsel)

Answer 6

• On the back of the body.

Question 7

Medial

Answer 7

• positioned near the middle of the body.

Question 8

Lateral

Answer 8

• positioned toward the outside of the body.

Question 9

Contralateral

Answer 9

• Positioned on the opposite side of the body.

Question 10

Ipsilateral

Answer 10

• positioned on the same side of the body.

Question 11

Anatomic Position

Answer 11

• The position with the body erect with the arms at the sides and the palms forward. The anatomic position is of importance in anatomy because it is the position of reference for anatomic nomenclature. Anatomic terms such as anterior and posterior, medial, and lateral, and abduction apply to the body when it is in this position.

Question 12

Saggital Plane

Answer 12

• An imaginary bisector that divides the body into left and right calves.

Question 13

Flexion

Answer 13

• A bending movement in which the relative angle between two adjacent segments decreases.

Question 14

Extension

Answer 14

A straightening movement in which the relative angle between two adjacent segments increases.

Question 15

Hyperextension

Answer 15

Extension of a joint beyond the normal limit or range of motion.

Question 16

Frontal Plane

Answer 16

• an imaginary bisector that divides the body into front and back halves.

Question 17

Abduction

Answer 17

• A movement in the frontal plane away from the midline of the body.

Question 18

Adduction

Answer 18

• Movement in the frontal plane back toward the midline of the body.

Question 19

Transverse Plane

Answer 19

• An imaginary bisector that divides the body into top and bottom halves.

Question 20

Internal Rotation

Answer 20

• Rotation of a joint toward the middle of the body.

Question 21

External Rotation

Answer 21

• Rotation of a joint away from the middle of the body.

Question 22

Horizontal abduction

Answer 22

• Movement of the arm or thigh in the transverse plane from an anterior position to a lateral position.

Question 23

Horizontal adduction

Answer 23

• Movement of the arm or thigh in the transverse plane from a lateral position to an anterior position.

Question 24

Scapular retraction

Answer 24

• Adduction of scapula; shoulder blades move toward the midline.

Question 25

Scapular protraction

Answer 25

• Abduction of scapula; shoulder blades move away from the midline.

Question 26

Scapular depression

Answer 26

Downward (inferior) motion of the scapula.

Question 27

Scapular elevation

Answer 27

• Upward (superior) motion of the scapula.

Question 28

Eccentric Muscle Action

Answer 28

• An eccentric muscle action occurs when a muscle develops tension while lengthening.

Question 29

Concentric muscle action

Answer 29

• When a muscle is exerting force greater than the resistive force, resulting in shortening of the muscle.

Question 30

Isometric Muscle Action

Answer 30

• when a muscle is exerting force equal to the force being placed on it leading to no visible change in the muscle length.

Question 31

Isokinetic Muscle Action

Answer 31

• When a muscle shortens at a constant speed over the full range of motion.

Question 32

Force

Answer 32

• An influence applied by one object to another, which results in an acceleration or deceleration of the second object.

Question 33

Length-Tension relationship

Answer 33

• The resting length of a muscle and the tension of the muscle can produce at this resting length.

Question 34

Force-Couple

Answer 34

• Muscle groups moving together to produce movement around a joint.

Question 35

Rotary motion

Answer 35

• movement of the bones around the joints.

Question 36

Torque

Answer 36

• A force that produces rotation. Common unit of torque is the newton-meter!!!

Question 37

Motor behavior

Answer 37

• Motor response to internal and external environmental stimuli.

Question 38

Motor Control

Answer 38

• How the central nervous system integrates internal and external sensory information with previous experiences to produce a motor response.

Question 39

Motor Learning

Answer 39

Integration of motor control processes through practice and experience, leading to a relatively permanent change in the capacity to produce skilled movements.

Question 40

Motor Development

Answer 40

• The change in motor skill behavior over time throughout the lifespan.

Question 41

Muscle Synergies

Answer 41

• Groups of muscles that are recruited by the central nervous system to provide movement.

Question 42

Proprioception

Answer 42

• The cumulative sensory input to the central nervous system from all mechanoreceptors that sense position and limb movments.

Question 43

Sensorimotor

Answer 43

• The cooperation of the nervous and muscular system in gathering and interpreting information and executing movement.

Question 44

Feedback

Answer 44

The use of sensory information and sensorimotor integration to help the human movement system in motor learning.

Question 45

Internal Feedback

Answer 45

The process whereby sensory information is used by the body to reactively monitor movement and the environment.

Question 46

External Feedback

Answer 46

• Information provided by some external source, such as a health and fitness professinoal, videotape, mirroe, or heart rate monitor, to supplement the internal environment.