CHAPTER 5 GUIDE Flashcards
What are the four major groups of eukaryotic organisms?
- helminth 2. fungi 3. algae 4. protozoa

What are the 3 cellular features of a helminth organism?
- complex, multicellular organisms ranging in size from the microscopic filarial parasites to the giant tapeworms 2. Presence of attachment organs 3. Characterized by ability to feed and live on living hosts
What are the 2 reproduction patterns of a helminth organism?
- Sexual reproduction patterns 2. Some can reproduce by self-fertilization also known as parthenogenesis
What is the importance of a helminth organism?
Some helminths are of medical importance such as it’s use against diseases characterized by an overactive immune response.
What are the 3 cellular features of a fungi organism?
- Cell wall contains chitin 2. Less definition between the cells 3. The hyphae of higher fungi have porous partitions called septa
What are the reproduction patterns of a fungi organism?
Sexual and Asexual reproduction patterns
What are the 3 importances of a fungi organism?
- Important in the manufacture of antibiotics 2. Acts as ‘decomposers’ 3. Important in the food industry
What are the 2 cellular features of an algae organism?
- Chlorophyll bearing 2. Photosynthetic non-vascular plants whose body is a simple thallus w/o differentiation into roots, stems, and leaves
What are the two reproduction patterns of an algae organism?
Sexual and Asexual reproduction patterns
What are the 4 importances of an algae organism?
- Source of oxygen 2. Can be a source of food supplement 3. Important ecologically since it serves as food source for other animals 4. Larger algae provide shelter and habitat for fish and other invertebrate animals
What are the 4 cellular features of a protozoa organism?
- Able to move independently 2. Vary substantially in size and shape 3. Have no cell walls 4. Alternate between a free-living vegetative form known as trophozoite and a resting form called a cyst
What are the two reproduction patterns of a protozoa organism?
Sexual and Asexual reproduction patterns
What is the importance of a protozoa organism?
Play an important role as zooplankton
What is Endosymbiosis?
refers to the hypothesized process by which prokaryotes gave rise to the first eukaryotic cells.
What is one of the most important evolutionary events?
Endosymbiosis
What is Mitochondria?
takes in and breaks down the nutrients into adenosine triphosphate (ATP),a molecule cells that use as a source of energy, process known as cellular respiration
What is the other term for Mitochondria?
also known as the power house of the cell
What are Chloroplasts?
similar to mitochondria but are found only in the cells of plants and some algae; converts sunlight into energy that can be used by the cell, a process known as photosynthesis
What are Cilia?
slender, microscopic, hair-like structures or organelles that extend from the surface of nearly all mammalian cells (multiple or single)
What is the flagella structure?
the eukaryotic flagellum is a long, rod-like structure that is surrounded by an extension of the cell membrane like a sheath
What is the anoxeme?
is a filament, the bulk of the structure which is anchored in a basal body
What is the Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum?
– associated with the production and metabolism of fats and steroid hormones; referred to as ‘smooth’ because it is not studded with ribosomes and is associated with smooth slippery fats
What is the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum?
involved in some protein production, protein folding, quality control, and dispatch; referred to as ‘rough’ because it is studded with ribosomes
What is the Nucleus?
an organelle found in eukaryotic cells; contains the majority of the cell’s genetic material (DNA)
