Chapter 5: Genetics

Question 1

What makes you, YOU?

Answer 1

• Inherited genes
• Environment
• Spiritual Nature

Question 2

Genetics

Answer 2

The study of Heredity-the passing on of characteristics from parent to offspring

Question 3

History of Genetics

Answer 3

Aristotle
-Traits passed through parents’ blood

Preformationists
-Complete organism in the father’s sperm

Gregor Mendel
-Traits caused by “Factors”
-“Father of Genetics”

Watson & Crick
-Won a nobel prize for describing DNA (Double Helix)

Question 4

What is…?

Gene

Answer 4

• A section of DNA that produces a particular polypeptide chain of amino acids
• Causes a specific trait

Question 5

Characteristics of Genes

Answer 5

• Genes are the same in kind and amount in the cells of an organism
• Genes are the same in kind and amount in the cells of each organism of a species
• Genes are chemicals which can function as individual units
• Genes are able to carry information for the formation of organic chemicals
  -Biosynthesis
• Genes are able to reproduce themselves (by replication)
• Genes are able to be passed on to the next generation
• Genes are found in a cell’s nuclear material

Question 6

Chromosomes

Answer 6

A strand of DNA with proteins (Histones) attached

Question 7

Chromatin Material

Answer 7

Chromosomes as they appear in an active, nondividing cell

Question 8

Chromatid

Answer 8

• A duplicated chromosome
• Attached to its sister by the centromere

Question 9

Karyotype

Answer 9

A picture of the chromosomes in a cell

Question 10

Chromosome Number

Answer 10

• Chromosomes come in pairs

-Each pair is called HOMOLOGOUS

-INDIVIDUAL chromosomes of a pair are called HOMOLOGUES