Chapter 5 - Gases

Question 1

absolute zero

Answer 1

the lowest possible temperature, 0 K or -273.15°⁢C

Question 2

Avogadro’s law

Answer 2

equal volumes of gases at the same temperature and pressure contain the same number of particles

Question 3

bar

Answer 3

a unit of pressure equal to 100 ⁢kilopascals

Question 4

barometer

Answer 4

a device for measuring atmospheric pressure

Question 5

Boyle’s law

Answer 5

the volume of a gas at constant temperature is inversely proportional to its pressure

Question 6

Charles’s law

Answer 6

the volume of a gas at constant pressure is directly proportional to its temperature

Question 7

Dalton’s law of partial pressures

Answer 7

the sum of the partial pressures of all the different gases in a mixture is equal to the total pressure of the mixture

Question 8

diffusion

Answer 8

the process whereby a gas spreads out through another gas to occupy the space uniformly

Question 9

effusion

Answer 9

the passage of a gas through a small hole in a container

Question 10

gas

Answer 10

the form of matter, having no definite size or shape, that is an easily compressible fluid

Question 11

Graham’s law of effusion

Answer 11

a law stating that the speed of a gas is inversely proportional to the square root of its molar mass

Question 12

ideal gas law

Answer 12

PV = nRT, an equation relating the properties of a gas

Question 13

ideal gas

Answer 13

a hypothetical gas that strictly obeys the ideal gas law

Question 14

kinetic-molecular theory

Answer 14

a theory of the behavior of matter at the molecular level

Question 15

manometer

Answer 15

a device that measures the pressure of a gas in a sealed vessel

Question 16

millimeters of mercury [mm Hg]

Answer 16

a unit of pressure equal to that exerted by a column of mercury 1 mm high at 0.00°C, 760 mm Hg = 1 atm

Question 17

molar volume

Answer 17

the volume of one mole of an ideal gas, equal to 22.4 liters at standard temperature and pressure

Question 18

partial pressure

Answer 18

the pressure exerted by a particular gas in a mixture

Question 19

pascal

Answer 19

the SI unit of pressure

Question 20

root-mean-square speed

Answer 20

the square root of the average of the squares of the speeds of the molecules in a sample

Question 21

standard atmosphere

Answer 21

a unit of pressure equal to 760 mm Hg

Question 22

standard temperature and pressure [STP]

Answer 22

a temperature of 0⁢°C and a pressure of 1 atm

Question 23

torr

Answer 23

a unit of pressure equal to a millimeter of mercury [mm Hg]

Question 24

ideal gas constant / universal gas constant

Answer 24

0.08206 L atm/mol K or 8.314 J/mol K

Question 25

van der Waals equation

Answer 25

a mathematical expression for describing the behavior of real gases