CHAPTER 5: FUNDAMENTALS OF FLUID FLOW Flashcards
Learn all of the definitions
Amount of fluid passing through a section per unit of time
DISCHARGE OR FLOW RATE, Q
Flow Rate can be expressed as?
- VOLUME FLOW RATE (m^3/s)
- MASS FLOW RATE (kg/s)
- WEIGHT FLOW RATE (N/s)
Blank may be steady or unsteady, uniform or non-uniform, continuous; laminar or turbulent; one-dimensional, two-dimensional; and rotational or irrotational.
FLUID FLOW
This occurs when the discharge Q passing a given section is constant with time. If the flow Q at the cross-section varies with time, the flow is unsteady.
STEADY FLOW
This occurs if, a steady flow from a given length, or reach, of a stream, the average velocity of flow is the same at every cross-section. This usually occurs when an incompressible fluid flows through a stream with a uniform cross-section. In a stream where the cross-sections and velocity change, the flow is said to be non-uniform.
UNIFORM FLOW
This occurs when at any time, the discharge Q at every section of the stream is the same (principal of conservation of mass).
CONTINUOUS FLOW
What is the formula for Continuity Equation of Incompressible fluids?
Q = A1VA = A2V2 = A3V3 = CONSTANT
What is the formula for Continuity Equation of compressible fluids - Mass Flow Rate?
P1A1V1 = P2A2V2 = P3A3V3 = CONSTANT
What is the formula for Continuity Equation of compressible fluids - Weight Flow Rate?
Y1A1V1 = Y2A2V2 = Y3A3V3 = CONSTANT
It happens when the path of individual fluid particles do not cross or intersect. The flow is always _______ when Reynolds number R, is less than 2000.
LAMINAR FLOW
It happens when the path of individual particles are irregular and continuously cross each other. This normally occurs when it exceeds 4000.
TURBULENT FLOW
This occurs when an incompressible fluid, the direction and magnitude of the velocity at all points are identical.
ONE-DIMENSIONAL FLOW
This occurs when the fluid of particles move in planes or parallel planes and the streamline patterns are identical in each plane.
TWO-DIMENSIONAL FLOW
These are imaginary curves drawn through a fluid to indicate the direction of motion in various sections of the flow of the fluid system.
STREAMLINES
These represent elementary portions of a flowing fluid bounded by a group of streamlines which confine the flow
STREAMTUBES
These are drawn to indicate flow patterns in case of two-dimensional flow oreven three-dimensional flow.
FLOW NETS
The energy passed by a flowing fluid consists of the ______ and ______ energy
KINETIC AND POTENTIAL
It is the rate at which work is done
POWER
1 Hp is How many watts?
746 watts
1 Hp is how many lb-ft/sec
550 lb-ft/sec
1 Watt = 1Nm/sec = how many Joule per sec
1 Joule/sec
The Bernoulli’s energy theorem results from the application of the _________.
Principle of conservation of Energy
Neglecting headloss in fluid flow, the values are called
IDEAL OR THEORETICAL VALUES
Considering Headloss, the values are called
Actual Values
it is used to increase head
PUMP
what energy is the input and output power of a pump?
Input = electrical energy
Output = flow energy
Output Power of a Pump
P=QyHA
they extract mechanical energy to do work which turns into electrical energy for turbines
Turbines or Motors
also known as pressure gradient, it is the graphical representation of the total potential energy of the flow. It connects with the piezometer tubes
HYDRAULIC GRADE LINE
it is the graphical representation of of the total energy flow (sum of potential and kinetic energy)
ENERGY GRADE LINE
