CHAPTER 5: FUNDAMENTALS OF FLUID FLOW

Question 1

Amount of fluid passing through a section per unit of time

Answer 1

DISCHARGE OR FLOW RATE, Q

Question 2

Flow Rate can be expressed as?

Answer 2

1. VOLUME FLOW RATE (m^3/s)
2. MASS FLOW RATE (kg/s)
3. WEIGHT FLOW RATE (N/s)

Question 3

Blank may be steady or unsteady, uniform or non-uniform, continuous; laminar or turbulent; one-dimensional, two-dimensional; and rotational or irrotational.

Answer 3

FLUID FLOW

Question 4

This occurs when the discharge Q passing a given section is constant with time. If the flow Q at the cross-section varies with time, the flow is unsteady.

Answer 4

STEADY FLOW

Question 5

This occurs if, a steady flow from a given length, or reach, of a stream, the average velocity of flow is the same at every cross-section. This usually occurs when an incompressible fluid flows through a stream with a uniform cross-section. In a stream where the cross-sections and velocity change, the flow is said to be non-uniform.

Answer 5

UNIFORM FLOW

Question 6

This occurs when at any time, the discharge Q at every section of the stream is the same (principal of conservation of mass).

Answer 6

CONTINUOUS FLOW

Question 7

What is the formula for Continuity Equation of Incompressible fluids?

Answer 7

Q = A1VA = A2V2 = A3V3 = CONSTANT

Question 8

What is the formula for Continuity Equation of compressible fluids - Mass Flow Rate?

Answer 8

P1A1V1 = P2A2V2 = P3A3V3 = CONSTANT

Question 9

What is the formula for Continuity Equation of compressible fluids - Weight Flow Rate?

Answer 9

Y1A1V1 = Y2A2V2 = Y3A3V3 = CONSTANT

Question 10

It happens when the path of individual fluid particles do not cross or intersect. The flow is always _______ when Reynolds number R, is less than 2000.

Answer 10

LAMINAR FLOW

Question 11

It happens when the path of individual particles are irregular and continuously cross each other. This normally occurs when it exceeds 4000.

Answer 11

TURBULENT FLOW

Question 12

This occurs when an incompressible fluid, the direction and magnitude of the velocity at all points are identical.

Answer 12

ONE-DIMENSIONAL FLOW

Question 13

This occurs when the fluid of particles move in planes or parallel planes and the streamline patterns are identical in each plane.

Answer 13

TWO-DIMENSIONAL FLOW

Question 14

These are imaginary curves drawn through a fluid to indicate the direction of motion in various sections of the flow of the fluid system.

Answer 14

STREAMLINES

Question 15

These represent elementary portions of a flowing fluid bounded by a group of streamlines which confine the flow

Answer 15

STREAMTUBES

Question 16

These are drawn to indicate flow patterns in case of two-dimensional flow oreven three-dimensional flow.

Answer 16

FLOW NETS

Question 17

The energy passed by a flowing fluid consists of the ______ and ______ energy

Answer 17

KINETIC AND POTENTIAL

Question 18

It is the rate at which work is done

Answer 18

POWER

Question 19

1 Hp is How many watts?

Answer 19

746 watts

Question 20

1 Hp is how many lb-ft/sec

Answer 20

550 lb-ft/sec

Question 21

1 Watt = 1Nm/sec = how many Joule per sec

Answer 21

1 Joule/sec

Question 22

The Bernoulli’s energy theorem results from the application of the _________.

Answer 22

Principle of conservation of Energy

Question 23

Neglecting headloss in fluid flow, the values are called

Answer 23

IDEAL OR THEORETICAL VALUES

Question 24

Considering Headloss, the values are called

Answer 24

Actual Values

Question 25

it is used to increase head

Answer 25

PUMP

Question 26

what energy is the input and output power of a pump?

Answer 26

Input = electrical energy
Output = flow energy

Question 27

Output Power of a Pump

Answer 27

P=QyHA

Question 28

they extract mechanical energy to do work which turns into electrical energy for turbines

Answer 28

Turbines or Motors

Question 29

also known as pressure gradient, it is the graphical representation of the total potential energy of the flow. It connects with the piezometer tubes

Answer 29

HYDRAULIC GRADE LINE

Question 30

it is the graphical representation of of the total energy flow (sum of potential and kinetic energy)

Answer 30

ENERGY GRADE LINE