Chapter 5 - Eye and Ear

Question 1

hyperopia

Answer 1

farsightedness (eyeball shortened, biconvex lens)

Question 2

myopia

Answer 2

nearsightedness (eyeball elongated, biconcave)

Question 3

astigmatism (without a point)

Answer 3

irregular focusing, blurring

Question 4

presbyopia

Answer 4

farsightedness of old age

Question 5

nystagmus

Answer 5

repetitive, involuntary movements of one or both eyes

Question 6

strabismus

Answer 6

eyes dont look in same direction at same time

Question 7

hordeolum

Answer 7

stye (inflammatory infection of hair follicles of eyelids)

Question 8

keratitis

Answer 8

inflammation of cornea

Question 9

blepharitis

Answer 9

inflammation of eyelids

Question 10

entropion

Answer 10

eyelids turn inward

Question 11

ectropion

Answer 11

eyelids evert from eyeball

Question 12

blepharoptosis

Answer 12

drooping of eyelid

Question 13

conjunctivitis

Answer 13

inflammation of conjunctiva

Question 14

cataract

Answer 14

cloudy opaque area in lens

sx: decreased vision
etio: caused by deterioration of lens
tx: extracapsular surgery(center of cataract removed in one piece)
tx: phacoemulsification( ultrasonic probe vibrates to break up)

Question 15

glaucoma

Answer 15

increased intraocular pressure causes damage to optic nerve

• atrophy of optic nerve and blindness
• etio: malfunction of the drainage system of eye –> increased intraocular pressure

Question 16

What are the 2 types of glaucoma?

Answer 16

1. Chronic open-angle

2. Acute angle-closure

Question 17

How do you dx glaucoma?

Answer 17

tonometry

Question 18

How do you treat glaucoma?

Answer 18

• meds for open angle closure

- surgery for acute angle-closure (laser iridotomy)

Question 19

What is macular degeneration?

Answer 19

(macula) are near the optic nerve degenerates

Question 20

Sx of macular degeneration?
etio?
tx?

Answer 20

loss of central vision

etio: age related, not alot of blood supplied to area
tx: no treatment, vit. A,D,E and zinc can slow it down

Question 21

What is diabetic retinopathy?

Answer 21

When you have microaneurysms, hemorrhages, dilation of veins, and new vessels form

it can be a major cause of blindness

Question 22

etio of diabetic retinopathy?

tx?

Answer 22

etio: scar tissue forms on retina/ high blood sugar
tx: surgery (photocoagulation or vitrectomy)

Question 23

What is retinal detachment?

Answer 23

Retina is elevated from the choroid

Question 24

sx of retinal detachment?
etio?
tx?

Answer 24

sx: floaters and light flashes, dark shadows
etio: begins w/ a tear in retina, fluid then leaks under retina–> separated from the choroid
tx: surgery w/o delay

Question 25

What is otitis?

Answer 25

inflammation of ear

Question 26

what is infective otitis externa?

Answer 26

pruritis, purulent or watery drainage

tx: eardrops

Question 27

what is otitis media?

Answer 27

inflammation of the middle ear, fluid behind TM

serous otitis media: clear fluid
suppurative otitis media: purulent fluid

Question 28

What is meniere disease?

Answer 28

chronic disease of inner ear

Question 29

Meniere disease

sx?
etio?
dx?
tx?

Answer 29

sx: vertigo, tinnitus, hearing loss, feeling of fullness
etio: unknown, destroy tiny hairs in cochlea
dx: symptoms, testing EcoG
tx: meds, decrease fluids, surgery

Question 30

What is Labyrinthitis?
sx:
etio:
tx symptoms:

Answer 30

inflammation of 3 fluid-filled chambers semicircular canals in inner ear
sx: extreme vertigo
etio: virus or bacterial infection
tx symptoms: bed rest, tranquilizers, antiemetics, antibiotics

Question 31

what is otosclerosis?

Answer 31

ankylosis of the stapes; ossicles cannot conduct sound vibrations

Question 32

what is ruptured TM?

Answer 32

ruptured eardrum

Question 33

What is cholesteatoma?

Answer 33

infected cyst-like mass of skin cells; leads to damage of ossicles –> hearing loss

Question 34

What is mastoiditis?

Answer 34

inflammation of mastoid bone or mastoid process

etio: streptococcal infection

Question 35

What is sensorineural deafness?

Answer 35

Occupational hearing loss; also caused from aging