Chapter 5 - Eye and Ear Flashcards
hyperopia
farsightedness (eyeball shortened, biconvex lens)
myopia
nearsightedness (eyeball elongated, biconcave)
astigmatism (without a point)
irregular focusing, blurring
presbyopia
farsightedness of old age
nystagmus
repetitive, involuntary movements of one or both eyes
strabismus
eyes dont look in same direction at same time
hordeolum
stye (inflammatory infection of hair follicles of eyelids)
keratitis
inflammation of cornea
blepharitis
inflammation of eyelids
entropion
eyelids turn inward
ectropion
eyelids evert from eyeball
blepharoptosis
drooping of eyelid
conjunctivitis
inflammation of conjunctiva
cataract
cloudy opaque area in lens
sx: decreased vision
etio: caused by deterioration of lens
tx: extracapsular surgery(center of cataract removed in one piece)
tx: phacoemulsification( ultrasonic probe vibrates to break up)
glaucoma
increased intraocular pressure causes damage to optic nerve
- atrophy of optic nerve and blindness
- etio: malfunction of the drainage system of eye –> increased intraocular pressure
What are the 2 types of glaucoma?
- Chronic open-angle
2. Acute angle-closure
How do you dx glaucoma?
tonometry
How do you treat glaucoma?
- meds for open angle closure
- surgery for acute angle-closure (laser iridotomy)
What is macular degeneration?
(macula) are near the optic nerve degenerates
Sx of macular degeneration?
etio?
tx?
loss of central vision
etio: age related, not alot of blood supplied to area
tx: no treatment, vit. A,D,E and zinc can slow it down
What is diabetic retinopathy?
When you have microaneurysms, hemorrhages, dilation of veins, and new vessels form
it can be a major cause of blindness
etio of diabetic retinopathy?
tx?
etio: scar tissue forms on retina/ high blood sugar
tx: surgery (photocoagulation or vitrectomy)
What is retinal detachment?
Retina is elevated from the choroid
sx of retinal detachment?
etio?
tx?
sx: floaters and light flashes, dark shadows
etio: begins w/ a tear in retina, fluid then leaks under retina–> separated from the choroid
tx: surgery w/o delay
What is otitis?
inflammation of ear
what is infective otitis externa?
pruritis, purulent or watery drainage
tx: eardrops
what is otitis media?
inflammation of the middle ear, fluid behind TM
serous otitis media: clear fluid
suppurative otitis media: purulent fluid
What is meniere disease?
chronic disease of inner ear
Meniere disease
sx?
etio?
dx?
tx?
sx: vertigo, tinnitus, hearing loss, feeling of fullness
etio: unknown, destroy tiny hairs in cochlea
dx: symptoms, testing EcoG
tx: meds, decrease fluids, surgery
What is Labyrinthitis?
sx:
etio:
tx symptoms:
inflammation of 3 fluid-filled chambers semicircular canals in inner ear
sx: extreme vertigo
etio: virus or bacterial infection
tx symptoms: bed rest, tranquilizers, antiemetics, antibiotics
what is otosclerosis?
ankylosis of the stapes; ossicles cannot conduct sound vibrations
what is ruptured TM?
ruptured eardrum
What is cholesteatoma?
infected cyst-like mass of skin cells; leads to damage of ossicles –> hearing loss
What is mastoiditis?
inflammation of mastoid bone or mastoid process
etio: streptococcal infection
What is sensorineural deafness?
Occupational hearing loss; also caused from aging
