Chapter 5 (Exam 1) Flashcards
SA node pacing rate?
Atrial pacing rate?
Junctional pacing rate?
Ventricular pacing rate?
60-100 bpm
60-80 bpm
40-60 bpm
20-40 bpm
Wandering Pacemaker (WAP)
Rate is normal
P wave variation (P’)
R-R intervals may not be consistent
Multifocal Atrial Tachycardia (MAT)
Same as WAP except over 100 BPM
Atrial Flutter
Single automaticity foci fires on top of SA node, resulting in at least 2 P waves // QRS is typically normal and regular R to R // 2:1 ratio example
Atrial Fibrillation
Irregular rhythm
No identifiable P wave
Escape Rythm
Atrial, Junctional, or Ventricular escape foci does not get suppressed
Escape Rythm vs Escape Beat?
Escape beat is singular, escape rhythm means multiple
Sinus Arrest
SA node fails to pacemake
Long pause between cycles, cannot differentiate from Sinus Block
Junctional Escape Rhythm
Sinus arrest with no P wave or inverted P wave along with 40-60 bpm
Junctional escape beat
Same as Junctional Escape Rhythm but only happens once then returns to original cycle
40-60 bpm, no or inverted P wave after sinus arrest
Ventricular Escape Rhythm
20-40 bpm
Nothing above ventricles worked
Wide QRS
No P wave
All escape rhythms or beats occur after a
Sinus arrest or block
Premature Atrial Beat (contraction)
Produces early P’ wave
May be embedded on previous T wave
If embedded on T wave amplitude should be higher
Junctional Rythm
Upside P wave (retrograde)
Or no P wave
Premature Junctional Beat
No P wave or upside down P wave followed by early QRS
Premature Ventricular Contraction (PVC)
Premature QRS
Wide QRS (-0.12s)
Big amplitude
Usually opposite polarity
With a single PVC the heart will pump ___ % of normal SV. With a second PVC the heart will pump ___ %
80
58
Ventricular Bigeminy
Ventricular Trigeminy
Ventricular Quadrigeminy
1 normal beat followed by 1 PVC
2 normal followed by 1 PVC
3 normal followed by 1 PVC
Must occur at least twice for all above
Unifocal PVC
Multifocal PVC
Unifocal = originating from the same foci so PVCs will all look the same
Multifocal = originating from diff foci so PVCs will look different
PVC couplet vs bigeminy?
PVC couplet is 2 PVCs directly in a row whereas a bigeminy has a normal beat separating them
Ventricular Tachycardia? (Compared to PVC couplet)
Run of 3 or more PVCs back to back compared to a couplet which is 2 back to back
Vtach that lasts longer than ___ seconds is known as _____ vtach
30 seconds // sustained
What does MVP stand for? (Associated with PVC)
Mitral Valve Prolapse
Mitral Valve Prolapse also known as ___ Syndrome
Barlow
R on T phenomenon:
PVC falls on T wave
Paroxysmal Tachycardia rate
V flutter rate
V fib rate
150-250
250-350
350-450
Supraventricular Tachycardia
Above ventricles
QRS normal
May or may not be P wave (examples are a fib or a flutter)
True or false paroxysmal supra vtach is normal
True
Carotid massage is sometimes used to
Slow heart rate
Torsades de Pointes
Ventricular Rythm 250-350
Long QT segment
“Twisting of points” the amplitude is big then small then big then small
Ventricular flutter
Rate 250-350
Smooth sin wave
Similar to torsades but amplitude will not change
Ventricular Fibrillation
Follows ventricular flutter
Dying heart
No identifiable QRS
“Bag of worms”
