Chapter 5 - Electrons and bonding Flashcards
What is the principal quantum number
The number of electrons a shell can hold
How many electrons can an s orbital hold and what is its shape
It’s spherical in shape and can hold 2 electrons
What is the shape of a p orbital and how many electrons can it hold
It’s a dumbell shape and holds 2 electrons. Each p sub shell has three p orbitals
How many orbitals does a d sub shell have and how many electrons can it hold
It has 5 orbitals and can hold 10 electrons
How many orbitals does a f orbital have and how many electrons can it hold
It has 7 orbitals and can hold 14 electrons
Name all the energy levels in number order
1s2s2p3s3p3d4s4p4d4f
What is an ionic bond?
Ionic bonds are electrostatic attractions between positive and negative ions.
What is the structure of ionic compounds?
Ionic compounds have giant structures. In a giant ionic structure the ions are arranged in a regular, three-dimensional pattern called a lattice.
Why do ionic compounds have high melting points?
The electrostatic forces between the ions act in all directions and keep the structure together. The large number of these strong electrostatic attractions means that ionic compounds have high melting points.
How are positive ions generally formed?
Positive ions generally form by metal atoms losing electrons.
What ions do elements in groups 1 2 and 3 form?
In groups 1 2 and 3 the positive charge of the ions formed is equal to the group number of the element.
What charges can transition metals form?
Transition metals can often form more than one ion with different charges. E.g. Fe2+ and Fe3+
How are ions represented in a diagram
They can be represented in a dot and cross diagram, include square brackets to show the charge is spread over the whole ion. You must show the charge on ion.
How are negative ions generally formed?
Negative ions generally form by non-metal atoms gaining electrons from metal ions.
What ions do elements in groups 7,6 and 5 form
The magnitude of the negative charge of the ions formed is equal to 8 minus the group number.
