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Chemistry Module 2 > Chapter 4 - Acids and redox > Flashcards

Chapter 4 - Acids and redox Flashcards

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1
Q

Name some common acids and their formula

A

Hydrochloride acid, HCl (aq)
Sulfuric acid, H2SO4 (aq)
Nitric acid, HNO3 (aq)

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2
Q

What acids do to water?

A

They all dissociate to release hydrogen ions, H+ (aq) when dissolved in water.

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3
Q

What donors are acids

A

As a H+ ion is simply a proton acids can be defined as proton donors. The H+ ion is responsible for the reactions of acids

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4
Q

Why is hydrochloric acid a strong acid?

A

When it dissolves all the HCl molecules dissociate to release hydrogen ions.

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5
Q

Why is hydrofluoric acid a weak acid?

A

When it dissolves only a small proportion of the Hf molecules dissociate to release hydrogen ions.

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6
Q

Name some common bases and their formula?

A

Potassium hydroxide, KOH
Sodium hydroxide, NaOH
Ammonia, NH3
Other examples include metal oxides and metal carbonates

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7
Q

What are alkalis

A

Bases that dissolve in water are also known as alkalis.

They dissociate to release hydroxide ions, OH- (aq) when dissolved in water

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8
Q

How do bases neutralise acids?

A

Bases neutralise acids by accepting the protons donated by the acid. For example, the hydroxide from sodium hydroxide will accept a H- ion to form water

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9
Q

What is the neutralisation reaction for water?

A

H+ (aq) + OH- (aq) —> H2O (l)

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10
Q

What are bases defined as?

A

Proton acceptors

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11
Q

Why is sodium hydroxide a strong base

A

Sodium hydroxide is a strong base, as when it dissolves all of its hydroxide ions are available to accept protons

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12
Q

Why is ammonia a weak base?

A

Ammonia is a weak base as only a small proportion of the NH3 molecules will accept protons

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13
Q

What products occur when an acid reacts with a metal oxide give an example. (Magnesium oxide with nitric acid)

A

A salt and water is formed

Magnesium oxide + nitric acid —> magnesium nitrate + water

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14
Q

What products occur when an acid reacts with an alkaline e.g. potassium hydroxide and sulphuric acid

A

A salt and water

Potassium hydroxide + sulfuric acid —> potassium sulfate + water

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15
Q

What products occur when an acid reacts with a carbonate e.g calcium carbonate and hydrochloride acid

A

A salt, water and carbon dioxide is formed.

Calcium carbonate + hydrochloride acid —> calcium chloride + water + carbon dioxide

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16
Q

Define the term strong acid

A

A strong acid is a substance that fully dissociates to donate hydrogen ions dissolved in water

17
Q

Name three common indicators used in acid base titrations and their colours in acids and bases

A

Methyl orange is red in acid, yellow in a base and turns orange at the end point.
Bromothymol blue is yellow in acid and blue in a base, it turns green at its end point.
Phenolphthalein is colourless in acid and pink in a base, it’s pale pink at its end point.

18
Q

What is the formula for calculating concentration

A

Concentration = amount (mol) / volume (dm3)

19
Q

What is the oxidation number of uncombined elements

A

0

20
Q

What is the sum of all oxidation numbers in a compound

A

0

21
Q

What is the oxidation number of an ion

A

The sum of all oxidation numbers in an ion equals the charge on the ion

22
Q

What are the oxidation numbers on elements in groups 1, 2 and 3 in compounds

A

+1 +2 and +3

23
Q

What is the oxidation number of Fluorine in all its compounds

A

-1

24
Q

What is the oxidation number of hydrogen in its compounds (except metal hydrides)

A

+1

25
Q

What is the oxidation number of of hydrogen in metal hydrides

A

-1

26
Q

What is the oxidation number of oxygen in most of its compound

A

-2

27
Q

What is the oxidation number of oxygen in compound with fluorine peroxide’s and superoxides e.g H2O2

A

-1

28
Q

What is the oxidation number of chlorine in most of its compounds

A

-1

29
Q

What is the oxidation number of chlorine in NaClO

A

+1

Chemistry Module 2 (5 decks)

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