Chapter 5 - Electrons and Bonding Flashcards
How many electrons can the 1st shell hold?
2
How many electrons can the 2nd shell hold?
8
How many electrons can the 3rd shell hold?
18
How many electrons can the 4th shell hold?
32
What is an orbital?
A region around the nucleus that can hold up to two electrons with opposite spins
What are the 4 types of orbitals?
s, p, d and f
What is the shape of a s-orbital?
Spherical
What is the shape of a p-orbital?
Dumb-bell shape
How many orbitals are found in a S subshell?
1
How many electrons can be held in a S sub-shell?
2
How many orbitals are found in a P subshell?
3
How many electrons can be held in a P subshell?
6
How many orbitals are present in a D subshell?
5
How many electrons can be held in a d-subshell?
10
What are the rules by which electrons are arranged in a shell?
Electrons are added one at a time
Lowest available energy level is filled first
Each energy level must be filled
Each orbital is filled singly before pairing
4s is filled before 3d
What is ionic bonding?
The electrostatic attraction between +ve and -ve ions
e.g. NaCl
What are the physical properties of ionic compounds?
High melting point
High temp - to provide quantity energy needed to overcome strong electrostatic attractions between ions
Melting points - higher for lattices with greater charges on ions, because stronger attraction between ions
Why does giant ionic lattices conduct electricity when liquid but not solid?
Solid state - ions are fixed in positions and cannot move
Liquid state - the ions are mobile and can freely carry the charge
In what type of solvent do ionic lattices dissolve?
Polar solvent
e.g. water
Why are ionic compounds soluble in water?
Water has a polar bond
H atoms are +
O atoms are -
Therefore these charges are able to attract charged ions
What is covalent bonding?
Strong electrostatic attraction between a shared pair of electrons and the nuclei of bonded atoms
What is a double covalent bond?
Electrostatic attraction between 2 shared pair of electrons and the nuclei of bonding atoms e.g. O2 or CO2
What is a triple covalent bond?
Electrostatic attraction between 3 shared pair of electrons and the nuclei of bonded atoms
e.g. N2 or HCN
What is a dative covalent bond?
Covalent bond in which shared pair of electrons has been supplied by one of the bonding atoms only
